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高考英语名词讲解,高考英语名词讲解PPT

tamoadmin 2024-07-19 人已围观

简介1.2014年成人高考专升本英语词汇知识梳理:名词2.高考英语语法:高中英语语法-名词的复数形式之二3.高考英语语法:高中英语语法-名词的复数形式之三4.高考英语引导名词性从句辨析5.高考英语语法:whatever,whoever,whichever引导名词性6.求对英语名词性从句的详细总结,高考用这个应该说分很多种,详细来写一个版面也不够。其实各种辅导资料中都有介绍,我觉得比较好的是《星火英语语

1.2014年成人高考专升本英语词汇知识梳理:名词

2.高考英语语法:高中英语语法-名词的复数形式之二

3.高考英语语法:高中英语语法-名词的复数形式之三

4.高考英语引导名词性从句辨析

5.高考英语语法:whatever,whoever,whichever引导名词性

6.求对英语名词性从句的详细总结,高考用

高考英语名词讲解,高考英语名词讲解PPT

这个应该说分很多种,详细来写一个版面也不够。其实各种辅导资料中都有介绍,我觉得比较好的是《星火英语语法》和《三年高考五年模拟》,前者介绍详细,后者例题很多。两者一个比较大的区别就是抽象名词前面一般没有冠词或物主代词,而具体名词一般是加冠词、物主代词或为可数名词的复数形式。两者都可以表示一类事物,比如the olds 就表示老人。还是希望你通过辅导书来学习详细的规则。高考中考查名词主要是在单项选择中,大约两道三个题目,不是很难,稍加练习就ok了。

2014年成人高考专升本英语词汇知识梳理:名词

不可数名词:

want(any) advice or help.I want(some)information.

我不需要任何忠告或帮助。我想得到一些信息。

He has had no experience in this sort of work.

他干这种活没经验。

这些名词前往往加some(一些),any(任何),no(没有),a lit-tle(少许)等词,或加名词bit(一点儿),piece(片),slice(一部分)等+of结构:

a bit of news一件消息

a cake of soap一块肥皂

a drop of oil一滴油

a grain of sand一粒沙子

a pane of glass一块玻璃

a piece of advice一条忠告

a pot of jam一罐果酱

a sheet of paper一页纸

C. 以上几组词中的大部分在特殊情况下可用为可数名词,可在单数前加a/an,也可变为复数形式。例如,hair指一个人头上的全部头发时,是不可数名词;如果指每一根毛发时,就是可数的,可以说one hair(一根头发),two hairs(两根头发等):

Her hair is black.Whenever she finds a grey hair she pulls it out.

她的头发是黑的。她只要发现有一根白发就将它拔掉。

可以说喝beer(啤酒),coffee(咖啡),gin(杜松子酒),但要酒水的时候说a(cup of)coffer(一杯啤酒),a gin(一杯杜松子酒),two gins(两杯杜松子酒)等。

可以说喝wine(葡萄酒),但必须说enjoy a good wine(品尝一种好酒),喝酒时用a glass或glasses(玻璃杯),也可以walk ina wood/woods(在小树林里散步)。

experience指某人的经历时是可数名词:

He had an exciting experience/some exciting experiences(=adventure/s)last week.

上星期他有一次/一些激动人心的经历。

work指职业/就业/工作时是不可数名词:

He is looking for work/for a job.

他在求职/找一份工作。

works(只有复数形式)可意为“工厂”或“机器的运转部分”。

works(通常用复数形式)指文学或音乐作品:

Shakespeare’s complete works莎士比亚全集

D. 一些抽象名词具有特殊意义时可带a/an。这些词有:

a help:

My children are a great help to me.

孩子们是我的得力帮手。

A good map would be a help.

一张好地图可能会有用处。

a relief:

It was a relief to sit down.

坐下来感到松了口气。

a knowledge+of:

He had a good knowledge of mathematics.

他深谙数学。

a dislike(讨厌)/dread(害怕)/hatred(仇恨)/horror(害怕)/love(热爱)+of结构也可这样使用:

a love of music对音乐的爱好

a hatred of violence对暴力的憎恨

a mercy(仁慈)/pity(怜悯)/shame(耻辱)/wonder(惊奇)可以和it引导的that从句一起使用:

It’s a pity you weren’t here.

你当时不在场太遗憾了。

It’s a shame he wasn’t paid.

他没拿到酬劳真丢人。

it+be+a pity/shame+动词不定式结构也是可能的:

It would be a pity to cut down these trees.

如果把这些树砍掉,那太可惜了。

E. a fear/fears(忧虑),a hope/hopes(希望),a suspicion/suspicions(猜疑)

这类词可与由there引导的that从句连用:

There is a fear/There are fears that he has been murdered.

恐怕他已经被谋杀了。

也可以用he a suspicion that…结构。

一件事可以arouse a fear/fears,a hope/hopes,a suspicion/suspi-cions等,意思是引起恐惧/希望/怀疑等。]

高考英语语法:高中英语语法-名词的复数形式之二

 一、可数名词与不可数名词

 名词分可数与不可数两种。

 可数名词表示某类人或东西中的个体。如table, country.

 或表示若干个体组成的集合体。如 family, people, committee, police.

 不可数名词表示无法分为个体的实物。如air, tea, furniture, water.

 或表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念。如work, information, advice, hiness.

 有些名词在一种场合下是可数名词,在另一种场合下是不可数名词。

 如room 房间(可数),空间(不可数)

 time 时间(不可数),次数(可数)

 fish 鱼(不可数),各种各样的鱼(可数)

 比较下列例句:

 There are nine rooms in the house. (房间,可数名词)

 There isn't enough room for us three in the car . (空间,不可数名词)

 不可数名词的数量可以通过在其前面加单位词来表示。

 如: 一块肉 a piece of meat

 两条长面包 two loes of bread

 三件家具 three articles of furniture

 一大笔钱 a large sum of money

 二、可数名词的复数形式

 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。名词复数的构成如下:

 1.一般情况下在名词后加-s.如:girls, books.

 浊辅音、元音结尾,s发[z]

 2.以s, x , ch, sh结尾的词在名词后加-es.如:glasses, boxes, matches, bushes.

 以s, x , ch, sh结尾,es发[iz]

 3.“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,变y为i再加-es.如:city-cities, country-countries.

 4.以o结尾的词多数加-es.如:heroes, tomatoes, potatoes.

 radios, zoos, photos, pianos, kilos 例外。

 5.f, fe 结尾的词,多数变f,fe为v再加-es.如:thief-thieves, leaf-lees, half-halves, life-lives, wife-wives, knife-knives.

 少数名词有不规则的复数形式。如:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, child-children, mouse-mice.

 可数名词复数一般情况下考不规则复数形式。

 个别名词的单数和复数的形式是一样的。如Chineses, Japanese, sheep, deer.

 三、名词的所有格

 名词的所有格表示所属关系, 起形容词的作用。

 当名词表示有生命的东西时,所有格一般是在词尾加 's .

 如:Jean's room, my daughter-in-law's friends, my daughters-in-law's friends, children's books.

 如果名词已经有了复数词尾s, 则只需加'.如:the teachers' books, my parents' car.

 时间名词的所有格在后面加's ,复数加' .如:today's newspaper, five minutes' walk.

 当名词表示无生命的东西时,所有格常由“of”短语构成。

 如:the top of the world, the cover of the book, China's capital.

 加 's 或 ' 的名词所有格可以表示店铺或某人的家。

 如:the grocer's, the tailor's, the Smith's .

 名词所有格考试常见部分是

 名词表示没有生命的东西时,不能直接在其后加's.

 时间名词所有格在其后加's,或复数名词后直接加'.

 四、名词在句子中的作用

 1.主语是可数名词单数时,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。

 All roads lead to Rome.(条条大路通罗马。)

 His brother is an industrial engineer.

 The number of the students attending the party is increasing.

 the number of 表示数量,无论后面名词是复数还是单数,谓语动词是单数形式。

 Two-thirds of the shop belongs to me.

 two-thirds 三分之二

 几分之几作主语,谓语是单数形式。

 Both of us are studying English.

 总结:在名词作主语时,the number of 谓语动词单数形式;

 几分之几,谓语单数形式;

 both 谓语使用复数形式。

 2、主语是不可数名词、不定式或动名词词组、从句时,谓语动词用单数形式。

 All the money he received was given to his mother.

 Forgetting the past means betrayal.

 What we are talking now is useless.

 3.主语部分若有as well as, with, together with, like, but, except等短语,谓语动词的单、复数与短语前面的名词一致。

 Mary, as well as her two sisters, is a student of this school.

 (as well as her two sisters 作主语Mary的主语补足语,主语 Mary 是单数,所以谓语动词用单数形式)

 No one except my friends knows anything about it.

 4.表示时间、距离、重量、价值等的复数名词作主语时,如果当作整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式。“…+(×)…=…”算式中的谓语动词也用单数形式。

 Three times two is six.

 Three kilometers is 3,ooo metres. (three kilometers作为整体来看)

 5.Either, neither作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

 Neither of us has been to Italy.

 Has either of them been to Shanghai?

 none代表可数的人或东西时,谓语动词可以用单数也可以用复数,代表不可数的东西时,谓语动词用单数形式。

 None of the students he/has seen the film.

 None of the money belongs to me.

 6.主语由either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also连接时,谓语形式由最邻近的主语决定。

 Not only you but also I am wrong.

 Neither my aunt nor I am going out this afternoon.

 Either you or she is to do the work.

 7.主语中有and,如果表示单一概念,谓语动词用单数。

 The bread and butter is nice.

 8.主语前有many a, more than one修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式。

 Many a book has been read by the students.

 many a book=many books

 More than one person has been to the Great Wall.

 9.集合名词作主语,当作整体看待时,谓语动词用单数形式,当作每个独立的个体看待时,谓语动词用复数。

 The committee meets once a year. (作为整体)

 The committee are hing a meeting now. (作为独立个体)

 People, police作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。

 The police he come to arrest him.

 名词部分考试重点

 1、可数名词与不可数名词里,哪几个词是不可数名词。

 2、可数名词复数形式重点掌握不规则形式,单、复数相同的名词。

 3、名词所有格重点掌握时间名词所有格在其后加's,复数加'.

 4、名词在句中的作用,重点掌握刚才的9点。

 考点测试

 1.Ten days ______ long enough for Mr. Carter to finish his design. He doesn't need any more.

 A. is B. has been C. was D. had been

 ten days 作为一个整体看待,谓语用单数形式。(注意时态)

 答案 A

 2. Now, many people use the word Ms instead of Miss or Mrs, for example, before the names of ______ in business letters.

 A. woman manager B. women manager C. woman managers D. women managers

 names 是复数形式,其后的名词肯定是复数。

 两个名词变为复数,两个都要变。

 答案 D

 3. The number of students who failed the chemistry examination _____ to fif.

 A. he increased B. has increased C. is increased D. are increasing

 the number of 谓语动词用单数。

 答案 B

 4. Neither John nor his father _______ able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train.

 A. was B. were C. would be D. he been

 neither……nor谓语动词跟相邻的主语一致。

 答案 A

 5. The room is eight _______ long.

 A. foot B. foots C. feet D. feets

 foot 英尺,复数形式 feet

 答案 C

 8. Not only the students but also their teacher ______ at the meeting.

 A. was present B. were present C. he been presented D. has been presented

 not only…… but also 谓语动词与相邻名词一致。

 present 呈现,介绍

 答案 A

 9. One of the things she wrote about ______ life on a small farm at the beginning of the century.

 A. is B. was C. are D. were

 one of 谓语用单数。

 答案 B

 10. Only about one out of twelve of the young men and women of this country _____ college education.

 A. receive B. receives C. he received D. he been received

 one out of 谓语用单数形式。

 答案 B

 11. Never before ______ so many people been engaged in producing goods just for the comfort of man.

 A. has B. he C. will D. would

 never before开头,句子倒装。

 主语so many people为复数。

 engage in doing sth. 忙于做某事。

 答案 B

 12. At the bus stop were a soldier and two young people on their way to North Carolina.

 A. were B. was C. is D. sits and waits

 主语 a soldier and two young people为复数

 答案 A

 13. There ______ the last piece of cake and the last spoonful of ice cream.

 A. goes B. go C. gone D. was gone

 主语 the last piece of cake and the last spoonful of ice cream复数

 答案 B

 14. Mr. Brown, and not I , ________ chosen to be the representative of the class.

 A. is B. am C. are D. he been

 主语 Mr.Brown

 答案 A

 15. The teacher, as well as a number of students, _______ to attend the party.

 A. ask B. asks C. was asked D. were asked

 谓语动词与as well as前面的名词一致。

 答案 C

 16. The hostess together with the guests of honor ________ comfortably in the living room.

 A. was seated B. seated C. were seated D. were seating

 谓语与 together with 前的名词一致

 be seated 就坐

 Please be seated ladies and gentlmen.

 Seat the boy next to his brother.

 答案 A

 17. The father, rather than the brothers, _______ responsible for the accident.

 A. is B. are C. he been D. has

 主语 the father ,单数

 be responsible for 对……负责

 答案 A

 18. Either Carol or Grace ______ to the concert, but one of them has to stay home.

 A. is coming B. are coming C. will coming D. he come

 either……or 谓语动词与临近主语一致。

 答案 A

 19. The total amount of money ______ 100 dollars.

 A. is B. are C. has D. he

 money 不可数名词,谓语动词单数。

 答案 A

 20. Great quantities of fish _____ on high seas.

 A. is caught B. are caught C. catch D. is catching

 quantities 复数形式

 答案 B

 21. Either of the young ladies _____ perfectly qualified to teach Greek and Latin.

 A. is B. are C. has D. he

 either打头,谓语动词单数。

 答案 A

 22. Hing studied your report carefully, I am convinced that neither of your solutions _____ correct.

 A. are B. is C. had D. will

 neither 两者都不,谓语动词单数。

 答案 B

 23. In some countries each of the citizens ______ to decide policies.

 A. helps B. help C. are helped D. is helped

 each 每一个,谓语动词单数。

 答案 A

 24. The nurse added_____ to the medcine to make the ease for the child to take.

 A. some sugar B. some sugars C. a sugar D. sugars

 suger 不可数名词

 答案 A

 take medcine 吃药

 25. “I like your furniture very much.”

 “Thank you. We bought ____ in Beijing.”

 A. the most of them B. the most of it C. most of them D. most of it

 furniture 不可数名词

 答案 D

高考英语语法:高中英语语法-名词的复数形式之三

《高中英语语法-名词的复数形式之二》由liuxue86我整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日,如有任何问题请联系我们。

名词的复数形式之二

果认为它表示的是这个队的所有成员,就用复数动词:

Our team are wearing their new jerseys.

我们这个队的队员们都穿着新运动衫。

这些名词后面需要带所有格形容词时,复数动词+their要比单数动词+ its常用一些,虽然有时两者都可以用:

The jury is considering its verdict.

陪审团正在考虑裁决。

The jury are considering their verdict.

陪审团成员们正在考虑裁决。

I. 有些词总是复数形式,并和复数动词连用:

clothes衣服

police警察

由两部分组成的服装用复数:

breeches马裤

pants(男用)短衬裤

pyjamas睡衣裤

trousers裤子

由两部分组成的工具和仪器用复数:

binoculars双筒望远镜

glasses眼镜

pliers钳子

scales天平

scissors剪刀

shears大剪刀

spectacles眼镜/护目镜

还有其他一些词用复数:

arms武器

damages损害/赔偿

earnings收入

goods/wares商品/货品

greens蔬菜

grounds(建筑物周围的)庭院,场地

outskirts郊外

pains费心,辛苦

particulars细情

prenises/qusrters房屋/住所

riches财富

sings储蓄

spirits烈酒

stairs台阶,楼梯

surroundings环境

valuables贵重物品

J. 有一些以ics结尾的词从形式上看是复数,通常也要跟复数动词。这些词有:

acoustics音响效果

athletics体育运动

ethics道德/学

hysterics歇斯底里发作

mathematics数学

physics物理学

politics政治

例句如:

His mathematics are weak.

他的数学学得不好。

但学科的名称有时是单数:

Mathematics is an exact science.

数学是一门精密的科学。

K. 形式上是复数但意义上却是单数的名词包括news:

The news is good.

消息很好。

还包括某些疾病的名称:

mumps流行性腮腺炎

rickets软骨病,佝偻病

shingles带状疱行疹

这一类中也包括某些游戏的名称:

billiards台球(俗称?打弹子?)

bowls滚木球(保龄球)

darts掷飞镖

dominoes多米诺骨牌游戏

draughts([美]checkers)国际象棋

L .一些源自希腊或拉丁的外来词在构成复数时,依照各自原有的规则变化:

crisis/?kraIsIs/,crises/kraIsI:z/危机

erratum,errata印刷或书写的错误,勘误表

memorandum,memoranda备忘录

oasis/?eIsIs/,oases/+u?eIsI:z/绿洲

phenomenon,phenomena现象

radius,radii半径

terminus,termini铁路或公共汽车的终点

但是有些外来词依照英语的规则而变化:

dogma,dogmas教条

formula,forrmulas公式(科学家仍用formulae)

gymnasium,gymnasiums体育馆

有些词的两个复数形式意思不同:

endix,endixes/endices(医学术语)阑尾

endices(书的)附录

index,indexes(书的)索引

indices(数学术语)指数

音乐家对意大利文 《高中英语语法-名词的复数形式之二》由liuxue86我整理

高考英语引导名词性从句辨析

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名词的复数形式之三

音乐术语通常用意大利文中的复数形式:

libretto,libretti歌剧脚本

tempo,tempi拍子

但在词尾直接加s也是可以的:

librettos tempos

M. 复合名词的复数形式

1 通常是把最后一个词变成复数形式:

boy-friends男朋友

break-ins入室盗窃

trel agents旅行社经纪人

如man和woman位于复合名词的第一部分,两部分都要变成复数:

men drivers男司机

women drivers女司机

2. 由动词+er构成的名词+副词组成的复合名词构成复数形式时,只需把第一个词变为复数:

hangers-on食客,奉承者

lookers-on旁观者

runner?s-up(在竞选、赛跑等中)占第二位的人,亚军

另外,由名词+介词+名词构成的复合名词变为复数时,也同样只需将第一个词变为复数:

ladies-in-waiting侍从女官

sisters-in-law嫂子,弟媳

wards of court法庭指定受监护者

3. 首字母缩写词也可有复数形式:

MPs(Members of Parliament)英国下院议员

VIPs(very important persons)要人

OAPs(old age pensioners)养老金领取者

UFOs(unidentified flying objects)不明飞行物,飞碟 《高中英语语法-名词的复数形式之三》由出国留学我精心为您学习英语准备.liuxue86

高考英语语法:whatever,whoever,whichever引导名词性

#高考# 导语英语是高考备考的重点,也是难点,很多词,英语易错词汇短语同学们分不太清楚,为帮助同学们解决这一重点难点, 考 网整理了《高考英语易错词汇短语辨析》,供参考。whatever,whoever,whichever引导名词性从句

 一、基本用法概说

 英语中的-ever 词主要包括 whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however 等,其中可引导名词性从句的主要有whatever, whoever,whichever.这里所说的名词性从句主要指主语从句和宾语从句,它们通常不用于引导同位语从句,同时也很少用于引导表语从句。如:

 Whatever he said was right. 无论他说什么都是对的。(引导主语从句)

 I don‘t believe whatever he said. 无论他说什么我都不信。(引导宾语从句)

 在某些特定的语境中,也可用于引导表语从句。如:

 What he wants to get is whatever you he. 他想得到的是你所拥有的一切。

 二、whatever引导的名词性从句

 whatever的意思是“所……的一切事或东西”,可视为what的强调说法,其含义大致相当于anything that,whatever在从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语。如:

 Do whatever she tells you and you‘ll he peace. 她叫你干什么你就干什么,那你就太平了。

 I don‘t believe in letting children do whatever they like. 我不赞成让孩子为所欲为。

 Goats eat whatever food they can find. 山羊找到什么食物就吃什么食物。

 三、whoever引导的名词性从句

 whoever的意思“任何……的人”,在意义上大致相当于 anybody who.whoever在从句中可用作主语或宾语。如:

 I‘ll take whoever wants to go. 谁想去我就带谁去。

 Whoever says that is a liar. 说那话的人是个骗子。

 She can marry whoever she chooses. 她愿意嫁谁就嫁谁。

 I‘ll give the ticket to whoever wants it. 谁想要这票,我就把它给谁。

 Tell whoever you like — it makes no difference to me. 你爱告诉谁就告诉谁吧,对我是无所谓的。

 注:whoever既用作主语也可用作宾语(作宾语时不宜用whomever,因为在现代英语中whomever已几乎不用)。另外,注意以下受汉语意思影响而弄错的句子:谁赢了都可以获奖。

 误:Who wins can get a prize.误:Anyone wins can get a prize.正:Whoever wins can get a prize.正:Anyone who wins can get a prize.

 四、whichever引导的名词性从句

 whichever的意思“……的那个人或事物”,在意义上大致相当于 the person or the thing that.whichever在从句中可用作主语、宾语或定语。如:You can pick whichever one you like. 你喜欢哪个就挑哪个。

 Whichever of you comes first will receive a prize. 你们谁第一谁就能得奖。

 We‘ll eat at whichever restaurant has a free table. 哪个饭馆有空桌我们就在哪儿吃吧。

 Whichever of us gets home first starts cooking. 我们当中无论哪个先到家,哪个就先开始做饭。

 五、引导状语从句的用法

 whatever, whoever, whichever除用于引导的名词性从句外,还可用于引导状语从句,分别相当于 no matter what, no matter who, no matter which.如:I‘ll stand by you whatever [=no matter what] hens. 无论如何我都支持你。

 Whoever [=No matter who] wants to speak to me on the phone, tell them I‘m busy. 不管谁要我接电话,就说我现在正忙。

 Whichever [=No matter which] you buy, there is a six-month guarantee. 不管买哪个都有六个月的保修期。

求对英语名词性从句的详细总结,高考用

一、基本用法概说

英语中的-ever 词主要包括 whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however 等,其中可引导名词性从句的主要有whatever, whoever, whichever。这里所说的名词性从句主要指主语从句和宾语从句,它们通常不用于引导同位语从句,同时也很少用于引导表语从句。如:

Whatever he said was right. 无论他说什么都是对的。(引导主语从句)

I don’t believe whatever he said. 无论他说什么我都不信。(引导宾语从句)

在某些特定的语境中,也可用于引导表语从句。如:

What he wants to get is whatever you he. 他想得到的是你所拥有的一切。

二、whatever引导的名词性从句

whatever的意思是“所……的一切事或东西”,可视为what的强调说法,其含义大致相当于anything that,whatever在从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语。如:

Do whatever she tells you and you’ll he peace. 她叫你干什么你就干什么,那你就太平了。

I don’t believe in letting children do whatever they like. 我不赞成让孩子为所欲为。

Goats eat whatever food they can find. 山羊找到什么食物就吃什么食物。

三、whoever引导的名词性从句

whoever的意思“任何……的人”,在意义上大致相当于 anybody who。whoever在从句中可用作主语或宾语。如:

I’ll take whoever wants to go. 谁想去我就带谁去。

Whoever says that is a liar. 说那话的人是个骗子。

She can marry whoever she chooses. 她愿意嫁谁就嫁谁。

I’ll give the ticket to whoever wants it. 谁想要这票,我就把它给谁。

Tell whoever you like — it makes no difference to me. 你爱告诉谁就告诉谁吧,对我是无所谓的。

注:whoever既用作主语也可用作宾语(作宾语时不宜用whomever,因为在现代英语中whomever已几乎不用)。另外,注意以下受汉语意思影响而弄错的句子:

谁赢了都可以获奖。

误:Who wins can get a prize.

误:Anyone wins can get a prize.

正:Whoever wins can get a prize.

正:Anyone who wins can get a prize.

四、whichever引导的名词性从句

whichever的意思“……的那个人或事物”,在意义上大致相当于 the person or the thing that。whichever在从句中可用作主语、宾语或定语。如:

You can pick whichever one you like. 你喜欢哪个就挑哪个。

Whichever of you comes first will receive a prize. 你们谁第一谁就能得奖。

We’ll eat at whichever restaurant has a free table. 哪个饭馆有空桌我们就在哪儿吃吧。

Whichever of us gets home first starts cooking. 我们当中无论哪个先到家,哪个就先开始做饭。

五、引导状语从句的用法

whatever, whoever, whichever除用于引导的名词性从句外,还可用于引导状语从句,分别相当于 no matter what, no matter who, no matter which。如:

I’ll stand by you whatever [=no matter what] hens. 无论如何我都支持你。

Whoever [=No matter who] wants to speak to me on the phone, tell them I’m busy. 不管谁要我接电话,就说我现在正忙。

Whichever [=No matter which] you buy, there is a six-month guarantee. 不管买哪个都有六个月的保修期。

名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句,其功同名词一样。

一.主语从句

主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。

1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较

It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:

It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.

It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.

It is in the morning that the murder took place.

It is John that broke the window.

2. 用it 作形式主语的结构

(1) It is +名词+从句

It is a fact that … 事实是…

It is an honor that …非常荣幸

It is common knowledge that …是常识

(2) it is +形容词+从句

It is natural that… 很自然…

It is strange that… 奇怪的是…

(3) it is +不及物动词+从句

It seems that… 似乎…

It hened that… 碰巧…

(4) it +过去分词+从句

It is reported that… 据报道…

It has been proved that… 已证实…

3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况

(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。

(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:

It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right)

That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong)

(3) It hens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:

It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right)

That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong)

(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:

It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. (right)

Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (wrong)

(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如:

Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right)

Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)

4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别

What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。例如:

1) What you said yesterday is right.

2) That she is still alive is a consolation.

二.宾语从句

宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。

1. 作动词的宾语

(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略),例如:

I heard that be joined the army.

(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如:

1) She did not know what had hened.

2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.

(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如:

She told me that she would accept my invitation.

2. 作介词的宾语

例如:Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.

3. 作形容词的宾语

例如:I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.

That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:

Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。

4. It 可以作为形式宾语

It 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如:

We heard it that she would get married next month..

5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词

这类动词有Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。例如:

I admire their winning the match. (right)

I admire that they won the match. (wrong)

6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词

有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常见的有Envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如:

He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right)

He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong)

7. 否定的转移

若主句谓语动词为Think, consider, wuppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如:

I don’t think this dress fits you well.(我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。)

三.表语从句

表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外,常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。例如:

1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.

2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people

3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.

4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.

四.同位语从句

同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。

1. 同位语从句的功能

同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如:

1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.

2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.

2. 同位语在句子中的位置

同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。例如:

He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.

3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别

(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。

(2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如:

1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)

2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)

://.iselong/English/0001/1382.htm

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://.lmedu.cn/Article/FREE_YY/YFBD/200485144806.asp

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