高考虚拟语气真题-高考虚拟语气真题

1.高考英语虚拟语气用法都有什么？

2.高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理的注意事项

3.求所有 情态动词 + have done 构成的虚拟语气 （高考范围内）

4.高考英语语法:2010年高考英语语法精讲二十八 虚拟语气

5.if虚拟语气的三种时态 虚拟语气考点探析

高考英语虚拟语气用法都有什么？

一.概念: 动词虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望, 假设, 猜测, 建议, 请求, 意图, 设想等未能或不可能成为事实的情况, 或者在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况, 而不表示客观存在的现实\x0d\\x0d\二.虚拟语气的表现形式: 通过句中谓语动词的特殊形式来表现. 这些特殊形式与谓语动词的某些时态相同, 但它们只表示语气, 而不表示时态, 但含有一定的时间概念\x0d\\x0d\虚拟语气的用法\x0d\\x0d\一.虚拟语气在简单句中的用法: 谓语动词用原形或may +动词原形\x0d\\x0d\1.表示祝愿\x0d\\x0d\a. Long live our country.\x0d\\x0d\b. May you succeed.\x0d\\x0d\c. May you be happy all your life.\x0d\\x0d\2.表示命令\x0d\\x0d\a. Everybody leave the room.\x0d\\x0d\二.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法: (使用虚拟语气的含条件句的复合句称为真实条件句)\x0d\\x0d\1.表示与现在事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语用动词的过去式 (be动词的过去式多用were, 而不用was), 主句的谓语用should / would / could / might +动词原形 (should多用于第一人称, would多用于二三人称, could / might可用于所有人称)\x0d\\x0d\a. If I had more time, I should study computer better.\x0d\\x0d\b. If he were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon.\x0d\\x0d\c. If they didn’t take exercises every day, they wouldn’t be so healthy.\x0d\\x0d\d. If you went to bed earlier, you would not be so sleepy in the morning.\x0d\\x0d\e. If she invited me, I should go to the party.\x0d\\x0d\2.表示与过去事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语用had done形式, 主句的谓语用should / would / could / might + have done的形式\x0d\\x0d\a. If she had invited me yesterday, I should have gone to the party.\x0d\\x0d\b. I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday’s exam.\x0d\\x0d\c. If you had taken the teacher’s advice, you would not have failed in the exam.\x0d\\x0d\3.表示与将来事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语形式是: ①.完全动词过去式 (be的过去式通常用were); ②.should +动词原形; ③.were to do. 其中②, ③种情况都含有出乎意料之外之意; 主句的谓语的形式是: should / would / could / might +动词原形\x0d\\x0d\a. If she should invite me tomorrow, I should go to the party.\x0d\\x0d\b. If it rained / should rain / were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.\x0d\\x0d\c. If I saw him tomorrow, I would pass your note to him.\x0d\\x0d\d. I might come back if I were to miss the train.\x0d\\x0d\三.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中用法的几个变体:\x0d\\x0d\1.条件从句省略if: 在书面语中, 如果条件从句中的谓语中有were, had, should等词, 可将if省略, 而把were, had, should放在句首\x0d\\x0d\a. Were I you (=If I were you ), I would get up early very early.\x0d\\x0d\b. Had you arrived (=If you had arrived ) at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday, you could have caught the train.\x0d\\x0d\2.省略条件从句或主句, 省略部分的含义仍有所体现. 省略主句时, 表示己不能实现的愿望\x0d\\x0d\a. You could have done it yourself (if you had wanted to).\x0d\\x0d\b. I wouldn’t smoke (if I were you).\x0d\\x0d\c. If my old friends were with me! (要是老朋友和我在一起该多好啊)\x0d\\x0d\d. If you could have seen the wonderful film!\x0d\\x0d\3.主从句时间不一致时, 主从句谓语动词的形式取决于要表示的具体时间\x0d\\x0d\a. You would speak English well if you had practised speaking it every day.\x0d\\x0d\b. If she hadn’t trained so hard, she wouldn’t be able to run so fast.\x0d\\x0d\4.假设的条件不以条件从句, 而以其他方式如介词短语、从句等表达出来, 这种句子称为含蓄条件句\x0d\\x0d\a. What would you do with a million dollars?\x0d\\x0d\b. Without music, the world would be a dull place.\x0d\\x0d\c. We could have done better with more money.\x0d\\x0d\d. He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy.\x0d\\x0d\四.虚拟语气在as if / though从句中的用法:\x0d\\x0d\1.表示与现在事实相反或对相在情况有所怀疑, as if / though从句谓语用过去式\x0d\\x0d\a. He speaks English so well as if she had studied English in England.\x0d\\x0d\b. She looked as if she were ill.\x0d\\x0d\2.表示与过去事实相反的情况, as if / though从句谓语用过去完成式\x0d\\x0d\a. The machines operated as if it had been repaired.\x0d\\x0d\五.虚拟语气在含even if / though从句的复合句中的用法:\x0d\\x0d\在此类复合句中, 若表示与事实相反, 可用虚拟语气形式. 主从句的谓语动词形式与非真实条件句相同\x0d\\x0d\a. Even if I were rich, I would work.\x0d\\x0d\六.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法:\x0d\\x0d\如果表示说话人的看法, 想法或意见, 在句型 It is / was + adj. + that从句中, 主语从句中可用虚拟语气. 主语从句中谓语动词用should do表示现在或将来情况, 用should have done表示过去情况\x0d\\x0d\a. It is necessary that you should clean the lab before you left.\x0d\\x0d\b. It is important that you should take the doctor’s advice.\x0d\\x0d\c. It was very strange that he should have left without say goodbye.\x0d\\x0d\七.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法:\x0d\\x0d\1.在wish的宾语从句中, 通常表示不可能实现或没有实现的愿望, 常用虚拟语气\x0d\\x0d\①.wish的宾语从句用过去式, 表示现在或将来没有实现或不可能实现的愿望\x0d\\x0d\a. I wish I knew the result of the match now.\x0d\\x0d\b. I wish it were spring here all the year round.\x0d\\x0d\c. I wish I could help you.\x0d\\x0d\d. I wish I were young.\x0d\\x0d\②.wish的宾语从句用过去完成式, 表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望\x0d\\x0d\a. We wish we had got the film tickets last night.\x0d\\x0d\b. I wish you I had met him yesterday.\x0d\\x0d\③.wish的宾语从句若用would, 则一般表示请求, 对现状不满或希望未来有所改变\x0d\\x0d\a. I wish the prices would come down.\x0d\\x0d\b. I wish you would help me.\x0d\\x0d\c. I wish he would be more careful.\x0d\\x0d\d. We wish you would spend the holiday with us.\x0d\\x0d\2.在动词suggest (建议), advise (建议), demand (要求), require (要求), order (命令), insist (坚持)后的宾语从句中, 谓语动词常用( should )+动词原形的虚拟语气形式\x0d\\x0d\a. I suggested that we should go there at once.\x0d\\x0d\b. I demand that he should answer me at once.\x0d\\x0d\c. The doctor insisted that the patient should stay in bed for two weeks.\x0d\\x0d\d. The officer ordered that the soldiers should stop playing.\x0d\\x0d\与名词suggestion建议 / advice 建议 / demand要求 / request要求 / order命令有关的从句(包括同位语从句和表语从句等)中的谓语也用 ( should ) +动词原形\x0d\\x0d\a. The black people made a strong demand that the ( should ) take steps to change the unfair situation.\x0d\\x0d\b. Their demand is that the should take steps to change the unfair situation.\x0d\\x0d\c. I was Bill’s suggestion that everybody should have a map.\x0d\\x0d\d. His suggestion was that everybody should have a map.\x0d\\x0d\八.虚拟语气用在句型: It is time that(该做某事了)中: that从句中的谓语动词用过去式\x0d\\x0d\a. It is time we got up.\x0d\\x0d\九.虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中: 表示但愿, 要是就好了, 其中谓语形式与wish的宾语从句相同\x0d\\x0d\a. If only he didn’t drive so fast! ( =I wish he didn’t drive so fast.)\x0d\\x0d\b. If only he had taken the doctor’s advice. ( =I wish he had taken the doctor’s advice.)\x0d\\x0d\c. If only the rain would stop! ( =I wish the rain would stop.)\x0d\\x0d\十.虚拟语气用在would rather / prefer后的that从句中: 表示现在或将来情况谓语动词用过去时形式, 表示过去情况动词用过去完成时形式\x0d\\x0d\a. I would rather he came next Saturday.\x0d\\x0d\b. I would prefer you had seen the film yesterday.\x0d\\x0d\c. I would rather that he painted the house blue

高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理的注意事项

使用虚拟条件句时要注意的几点：

1．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。如：

If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.

If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now, and you would graduate from a college in four years’ time.

2．if 省略句

在条件句中可省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首 , 变为倒装句式。如：

If I were at school again, I would study harder.

→ Were I at school again, I would study harder.

If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.

→ Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.

If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.

→ Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.

注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。如：我们可以说：Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now. 但不能说：Weren't it for the expense, I would go abroad now.

3．用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有with, without, but for。如：

What would you do with a million dollars? ( = if you had a million dollars)

We couldn't have finished the work ahead of time without your help. ( = if we hadn't got your help)

But for the rain ( = If it hadn't been for the rain ), we would have finished the work.

4．含蓄条件句

有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。

I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet. (副词)

He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. (连词)

A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. （定语从句）

I might have given you more help, but I was too busy. (连词)

Everything taken into consideration, they would have raiser their output quickly. (独立主格结构)

混合型与含蓄型虚拟语气

1。混合型虚拟语气：

当虚拟条件从句与结果主语所表达的时间不一致时，被称为“混合条件句”，这种虚拟语气被称为“混合型虚拟语气”，动词的形式要根据它所表达的时间作相应调整。如：

If you had followedthe doctor's advice ,he would be all right now.(条件从句表达的时间是过去，因此用had+过去分词；主句表示的时间是现在，因此用would+动词原形)

2.含蓄型虚拟语气：

有时候，虚拟条件不是通过if引导的条件句来表示，而是暗含在上下文中

（1）.用but for 、without(如果没有）等来代替条件从句，如

Without electricity human life would be quite different=If there were no electricity ,human life would be quite different

(2) 用otherwise、or(or else),even though等表示与上文的情况相反，从而引出虚拟语气。如：

I lost your address.Otherwise,I would have visited you long before. =I lost your address.If I hadn't lost your address ,I would have visited you long before.

(3) 虚拟条件通过but暗示出来。如：

He would have given you more help,but he was too busy

他本来会给你更多的帮助，但是他太忙了。也就是说，如果那时他不忙，他可以给你更多的帮助。句中but he was too busy实际上暗示了一个虚拟条件——如果那时他不忙

He would lose weight,but he eats too much

他本来可以减肥的，但是他吃的太多了。也就是说，如果他吃得不多的话，他是可以减肥的。句中的but he eats too much实际上暗示了一个虚拟条件——如果他吃得不多。

求所有 情态动词 + have done 构成的虚拟语气 （高考范围内）

must想必/准是/一定做了某事（否定式是下面的can't/couldn't）

could/can(not)本来能够/过去可能会……；过去不可能/过去没能……

should/ought to ；shouldn't/ought not to本该做某事而实际上未做；本不该做而做了某事

may/might 也许或许已经……一般只用于肯定句和否定句（否定句中表示“可能不”不用于疑问句，用might语气更加不肯定） }have done

needn't做了本来不必去做的事

had better（not）用于时候的建议，有轻微责备的口吻 “要是当时（不）做某事就好了”

would rather表示过去愿意做某事，但未做成

高考英语语法:2010年高考英语语法精讲二十八 虚拟语气

《2010年高考英语语法精讲二十八 虚拟语气》由英语我整理,更多请访问:。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请联系我们。

1、If 条件句

If I were you, I would leave now.

If you had asked me yesterday, I could have told you.

If it should rain tomorrow, we couldn?t climb.

NOTICE:错综时间条件句（根据所表示的时间调整）

If you had followed me, you wouldn?t miss the train now.

2、主语从句中的虚拟

①It is (was) important (necessary, strange ) that-clause

It?s necessary that you (should) be present at the meeting.

②It is (was) ordered (suggested, required, requested) that-clause

It was ordered that the room (should) be cleaned.

3、wish + that-clause

①现在的愿望：I wish that you weren?t so lazy.

②过去的愿望：I wish that you hadn?t hurt Jim so much.

③将来的愿望：I wish you wouldn?t talk like that.

--- Have you ever studied French ?

--- No, but I wish I had.

4、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟

通常由几个要求接虚拟语气的名词引起：order, demand, suggestion

He gave orders that the test (should) be finished before 5:30.

His suggestion is that the house (should) be built there.

5、宾语从句中的虚拟

下列动词后的宾语从句用虚拟语气：demand, insist, order, require, etc.

The judge ordered that the thief (should) not be punished.

NOTICE: ①suggest ?暗示，表明?

Her expression suggested that he was angry.

②insist ?坚持认为是怎么回事?

The Arab insisted that he had never seen the camel.

He insisted that John (should) do it.

6、状语从句中的虚拟

①as if (though)

与现在相反，从句用过去时

He talks as if he knew everything.

与过去相反，从句用过去完成时

He looks (looked) as if she had wept.

客观事实，从句用陈述句语气

It looks as if you are tired.

②so that, even if (though)

Nothing could have saved him even if he had been tended .

7、由介词短语引起的虚拟语气

①without : Without your help, I shouldn?t get a result.

②but for?若非?： But for you, we couldn?t have carried out the plan.

8、句型

①It?s time + that-clause (指现在或将来）

It?s time that you went to school .( should go to school)

②would rather + that-clause（指现在或将来）

I?d rather you went home now.

Don?t come tomorrow, I?d rather you came next week.

③what if 如果? 怎么办?

What if they should come here ?

9、虚拟语气的倒装

Were I you, I would leave now.

Had you asked me yesterday, I could have told you.

Should it rain tomorrow, we couldn?t climb.

《2010年高考英语语法精讲二十八 虚拟语气》由英语我整理,更多请访问: style="font-size: 18px;font-weight: bold;border-left: 4px solid #a10d00;margin: 10px 0px 15px 0px;padding: 10px 0 10px 20px;background: #f1dada;">if虚拟语气的三种时态 虚拟语气考点探析

英语中有三种语气：陈述语气（表示陈述事实）、祈使语气（表示命令、要求、建议、请求等）和虚拟语气（表示主观愿望、强烈遗憾、建议或与事实相反的假设等）。近年来，虚拟语气成为高考单项填空题频繁考查的热点，而虚拟语气又是中学生学习英语的难点。本文将就高考对虚拟语气的考查热点进行逐一分析，梳理考点知识，探讨应对技巧，设置巩固性练习，以期帮助学生应对各种虚拟语气考点项目。

　一、考点例析

　纵观近几年的高考英语试题，虚拟语气主要从以下几个方面考查：

　（一）if引导的虚拟条件句

　① If we __________ the other road， we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.（2010年陕西卷）

　A. take B. had takenC. took D. have taken

　解析：从句意和might have arrived来看，整个句子都是对过去的虚拟，条件状语从句的谓语动词形式应用had+过去分词形式表示与过去事实相反的假设，故选B。

　② —The weather has been very hot and dry.

　—Yes. If it had rained even a drop， things would be much better now! And my vegetables __________.（2010年北京卷）

　A. wouldn＇t die B. didn＇t die

　C. hadn＇t died D. wouldn＇t have died

　解析：本题考查对过去情况的虚拟。If条件句是我们选择正确答案的关键。过去没有下雨，所以我的蔬菜干死了也是发生在过去。将句子还原则成为：If it had rained even a drop， my vegetables wouldn＇t have died. 所以选D。

　（二）含蓄条件句

　① I __________ through that bitter period without your generous help.（2011年陕西卷）

　A. couldn＇t have gone B. didn＇t go

　C. wouldn＇t go D. hadn＇t gone

　[HJ2mm]解析： with， without， but for， otherwise 等都可表示隐含条件的虚拟语气，本句中without your generous help相当于if it hadn＇t been for your generous help，从题意可知这是对过去的虚拟，couldn＇t have done表示“本不可能”，符合题意，所以选A。

　② We __________ John＇s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.（2011年江西卷）

　A. will put B. will have put

　C. would put D. would have put

　解析：but for隐含的虚拟条件相当于if it had not been for his recent injury，从句中的yesterday可以看出是对过去的虚拟，选项中只有would have put表示对过去的虚拟，意为“本要放（进）……”，所以答案选D。

　（三）情态动词should/could＋have done 表示虚拟

　① They __________ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.（2011年河南等全国课标卷）

　A. will B. can C. must D. should

　解析：从后面的but their flight was delayed来看，他们没有按时到达，选项中的情态动词只有should＋have done的语法功能表示虚拟，意为“本应该做”，所以选项D正确。

　② —I＇m sorry. I __________ at you the other day.

　—Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.（2008年江苏卷）

　A. shouldn＇t shoutB. shouldn＇t have shouted

　C. mustn＇t shoutD. mustn＇t have shouted

　解析：由第一句话的语意和the other day可以看出是对过去的虚拟，而选项中只有shouldn＇t have done 表示“本不应该做” (但实际做了，有后悔、自责的语气)。因此选项B正确。

　（四）某些特定词语中的虚拟语气用法

　① —Where are the children? The dinner＇s going to be completely ruined.

　—I wish they __________ always late.(2011年北京卷)

　A. weren＇t B. hadn＇t been

　C. wouldn＇t be D. wouldn＇t have been

　解析：根据wish的惯用法：后跟宾语从句时，从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气，动词时态常常是原句的时间往前推一个时段。根据前一句的时态和题干中出现always可以判断出是对现在的虚拟，从句使用一般过去时。所以答案选A。

　② George is going to talk about the geography of his country， but I＇d rather he __________ more on its culture.（2010年江苏卷）