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高考动词和动词短语_高考动词和动词短语总结
tamoadmin 2024-05-31 人已围观
简介1.英语高考必须掌握的所有系动词,谢谢,是所有的2.高考语法,短语(紧凑一点的)3.请列举下高考常考的英语不及物动词和用法4.高考英语语法主要考哪些5.高考中能用到的英语语法和各语法的学习思路或方法 还有盈余作文中的套话语句6.高分求高中英语中的动词短语,有追加7.高考英语出现频率最高的词组8.2017年常考高考英语动词短语:too下面为同学们归纳了18个高考英语经常考查的用于构成短语动词的常用
1.英语高考必须掌握的所有系动词,谢谢,是所有的
2.高考语法,短语(紧凑一点的)
3.请列举下高考常考的英语不及物动词和用法
4.高考英语语法主要考哪些
5.高考中能用到的英语语法和各语法的学习思路或方法 还有盈余作文中的套话语句
6.◆高分◆求高中英语中的动词短语,有追加
7.高考英语出现频率最高的词组
8.2017年常考高考英语动词短语:too
下面为同学们归纳了18个高考英语经常考查的用于构成短语动词的常用动词,同时还为同学们整理出了由这些常用动词所构成的热点短语动词考点。记住它们,并在做题时结合语境灵活地理解它们,在做短语动词考题时就不会再丢分了。
1. break
break away (from) 突然逃离;断绝往来,脱离;改掉,破除
break down (机器等)坏了;(计划等)失败;(谈话等)中断;(健康等)变坏;感情失去控制
break in 突然进来,强行进入;插嘴,打岔;训练,使适应
break into 强行进入;突然…起来;打断,插嘴;占用时间
break off 停止讲话;暂停,休息;(使)折断
break out (火灾、战争等)突然发生,爆发
break through 突破;克服,征服;强行穿过;(太阳等)从云层里出来
break up 解散,驱散;(学校等)放假;结束,破裂;击碎;绝交
break with 与…绝交,与…决裂
2. bring
bring about 引起,实现,导致
bring (a)round 使改变观点或看法;使苏醒;顺便把某人带来串门
bring back 送还;使想起,使恢复
bring down 击落;打死,打伤;使倒下;降低
bring forth 产生,引起,结果
bring in 收获;获利;介绍,引进;聘请;逮捕
bring off 从船上救出;设法做成
bring on 带来,引起;促使生长;帮助提高
bring out 取出,拿出;显示出,使出来;出版
bring over 说服,使改变(思想等)
bring through 使度过(困难,危机等)
bring together 使和解
bring up 提出,提起;抚养,培养;呕吐
3. call
call at (车船等)停靠;到(某地)拜访
call away 叫走,叫开;转移(注意力等)
call back 唤回,叫回;回电话,再打电话
call for 喊(某人)来,喊人取来(某物);来或去取(某物),来或去接(某人);需要,要求
call in 叫进,请进;找来,请来;来访
call off 叫走,转移开;取消,不举行
call on [upon] 拜访,看望
call out 大声叫(喊);叫出去;召唤,请来,调去
call up (给…)打电话;想起,回忆起
4. come
come about (某情况)发生
come across 被理解(不及物);给予印象(不及物);(偶然)发现或遇见
come along 一道去;赶快
come for 来取,来拿,来找
come on 跟着来,快点,来吧
come out 出来,出现,开花
come over 来访,来玩
come to 来到,来参加;合计;有意义,有价值;苏醒;谈到,说到
5. cut
cut down 砍倒;削减,压缩,缩减
cut in 插入,插话;插队,超车
cut off 切断,隔断,断绝
cut out 剪成,戒掉
cut up 切碎;抨击;歼灭
6. die
die away (声音、风、光线等)渐息,渐弱
die down (慢慢)熄灭,平静下来
die off 一个一个地死去
die out (家族、习俗、观念等)灭绝,绝迹
7. fix
fix on 选定,确定,决定
fix sb up with 为某人安排或提供
fix up 决定,安排;清理,修理,整理
8. get
get about [around] 到处走动,旅行;传播,流传
get along 离开;相处;进展
get away 离开,逃离;逃避责罚,免受处罚
get back 返回;取回
get down 下来,取下,放下,写下,打下,吞下
get down to 开始做,认真处理
get in 进站,到达;请来;插话;收获
get off 起飞,动身,出发;下班,下车;从轻处罚,被放过
get on 上车;进行,进展;相处
get out 出来,出去,离开;拿出,取出;出版,发表;泄漏,传出
get out of 逃避,躲掉;使说出;放弃,戒除
get over 走过,越过,渡过;克服,战胜;恢复,痊愈
get through 做完,用完,吃完;通过(考试),接通(电话),度过(时间)
get together 聚会,联欢
get up 起床,起身;打扮;举办
9. give
give away 分发,赠送;背弃;暴露
give in 上交;让步,投降
give off 发出(光、热、声音、气味等)
give out 分发,散发;用完;垮掉;失灵,出故障;发表;发出(热、声音等
give up 放弃,戒掉;交出,让出;投降,认输
10. go
go away 离开;消失;变淡
go back 返回;追溯;重操旧业;改变主意
go by (时)消逝;依…办;根据…判断
go on (时)消逝;继续;上场;发生;(灯)亮
go over 检查;复习;转至;使…干净;反应(如何)
go out (灯)熄;不流行
11. look
look after 照顾(某人);看管(某事物)
look around 环顾四周
look at 看;看待;看得上;检查;考虑
look for 寻找;寻求;期待
look into 调查;窥视
look on 旁观
look out 小心;留意;找出
look up 仰视;好转;查寻;探望
12. make
make for 走向;有助于;促进
make out 理解;看清,(勉强)辨认出;填写;假装
make up 构成,组成;编写,编辑;编造;和解;弥补;化妆;凑足;准备好
13. pick
pick out 选择;找出
pick up 捡起;收拾,整理;学会,获得;(用车)来接,去取;改善;继续;感染(疾病等)
14. put
put away 收拾;放弃,打消;存蓄
put down 放下,写下,使下车;镇压,击败
put off 推迟;推脱;使不高兴
put on 穿,戴;上演,装(样子);开(灯等);增加
put out 扑灭,使熄灭;生产;公布,发表;打扰,使不高兴
put up 举起,架起,撑起;盖起,修建;张贴,挂;住宿,留宿
15. see
see about 负责处理(安排)
see off 为…送行。如:
see out 送某人出门;度过(熬过);进行到底
see through 看穿,识破;帮助度过(困难等);进行到底
16. set
set about 开始,着手
set against 使敌视,使对立
set apart 使与众不同;留出,拨出(时间、金钱等)
set aside 留出,拨出(时间、金钱等);把…置于一旁,不理会
set back 推迟,耽搁;使花费
set down 写下,记下
set in 开始,来临
set off 出发,启程;导致,引起;使运转,使爆炸
set on [upon] 袭击,攻击
set out 动身,起程;开始,着手;摆放,摆设;陈述,解释
set up 创办,成立,建立;竖立,架起;组织,计划,安排;创下(纪录);开业,开始经商;安装
17. take
take away 拿走,带走;消除(病痛等);减去
take down 取下;记下;拆掉;吞下;病倒
take out 拔掉;切除;带(某人)出去;获得
take off 脱掉(衣);(飞机)起飞;(突然)离去;受欢迎
take up 占去;占据;以…作为爱好或消遣;从事;改短(衣物);吸收
18. turn
turn into 拐入;进入;(使)变成;(使)成为
turn off 关掉;使厌烦;转入另一条路;不注意
turn on 打开(收音机,电视机等);展示;取决;进攻;以…为议题
turn over 翻转;反复考虑;营业额达到;移交
turn to 翻到;求助于;转向;积极行动
turn up 将音量调大;找到;发现;出现
turn down 调小音量;拒绝
turn out 结果是;证明是;露面
英语高考必须掌握的所有系动词,谢谢,是所有的
及物动词后面必须直接接一个名词或代词作宾语,否则就是语法错误:
I will buy the car.
不及物动词后面不能直接接名词或代词作宾语,要接必须加一个介词构成动词短语,否则也是语法错误:
Let us go.Let us go home.(home是个很特殊的名词,这种情况下是作副词而不是名词,意思还是家)
很多动词既能作及物动词也能作不及物动词,并且意思相同,但是仍然在作及物动词时候后面必须加宾语,作不及物动词时候后面只能通过介词加宾语
1.不及物动词
不及物动词本身意义完整,后面不需要接宾语。
例如:
The rain stopped.
雨停了。
What happened yesterday?
昨天发生了什么?
注意:不及物动词没有被动语态。
2.及物动词
及物动词后面必须接宾语的动词叫做及物动词。有的动词必须接一个宾语,有的必须接两个宾语。
单宾语
He's reading a magazine.
他正在读一本杂志。
双宾语
Mr Zhang teaches us English.
张老师教我们英语。
复合宾语必须接一个宾语同时接一个补语
We often hear him sing in the park.
我们经常听到他在公园里唱歌。
情态动词的定义:
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。
We can be there on time tomorrow.
我们明天能按时去那儿。
May I have your name?
我能知道你的名字吗?
Shall we begin now?
我们现在就开始吗?
You must obey the school rules.
你必须遵守校规。
情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列:
can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) .
情态动词的位置:
情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语之前。
I can see you. Come here.
我能看见你,过来吧。
He must have been away.
他一定走了。
What can I do for you?
你要什么?
How dare you treat us like that!
你怎能那样对待我们!
情态动词的特点:
情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去,现在或将来。
He could be here soon.
他很快就来。
We can't carry the heavy box.
我们搬不动那箱子。
I'm sorry I can't help you.
对不起,我帮不上你。
情态动词的用法:
can (could) 表示说话人能,可以,同意,准许,以及
客观条件许可,could 为 can 的过去式。
Can you pass me the books?
你能给我递一下书吗 ?
Could you help me, please?
请问,你能帮助我吗?
What can you do?
你能干点什么呢?
Can you be sure?
你有把握吗?
can 和could 只能用于现在式和过去式两种时态,将来时态用 be able to 来表示。
He could help us at all.
他完全可以帮助我们。
With the teacher's help,I shall be able to speak English correctly.
由于老师的帮助,我将能准确地讲英语。
may (might) 可以, 表示说话人同意,许可或请求对方许可。
You may take the book home.
你可以把书带回家去.
May I come in?
我可以进来吗?
May I use your dictionary?
我可以用你的词典吗?
You may put on more clothes.
你可以多穿点衣服.
He said he might lend us some money.
他说他可以借给我们一些钱。
may 否定式为 may not, 缩写形式是 mayn't.
might 是may 的过去式, 有两种用法, 一种表示过去式,一种表示虚拟语气, 使语气更加委婉, 客气或对可能性的怀疑。
He told me he might be here on time.
他说他能按时间来。
Might I borrow some money now.
我可以借点钱吗?
He might be alive.
他可能还活着。
Must 必须,应该,一定,准是, 表示说话人认为有必要做某事, 命令, 要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。
must 用来指一般现在时和一般将来时, 过去式可用 have to 的过去式代替。
I must finish my work today.
我今天必须完成我的工作。
You mustn't work all the time.
你不能老是工作。
Must I return the book tomorrow?
我必须明天还书吗?
After such a long walk, you must be tired.
走了这么长的路,你一定困了。
He must be the man I am looking for.
他一定是我要找的人。
He had to go because of somebody's calling
him that day.
那天他要走是因为有人叫他。
must + have + 过去分词,表示现在对过去事物的推测。
He must have told my parents about it.
他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。
He must have received my letter now.
他现在一定收到我的信了。
It's six o'clock already, we must have been late again.
已经六点钟了,我们一定又迟到了。
must 和 have to 的区别: must 表示说话人的主观思想, have to 表示客观需要。
You must do it now.
你必需现在就干。(说话人认为必须现在干)
I have to go now.
我得走了。(客观条件必须现在走)
need 需要 多用在否定式或疑问句中.
Need I attend the meeting tomorrow?
我需要明天参加会议吗?
You need not hand in the paper this week.
这一周你不必交论文。
need 是一个情态动词, 他的用法完全和其他情态动词一样, 但 need 还可当作实义动词使用, 这时 need 就象其他动词一样,有第三人称,单复数, 后面加带 to 的动词等特性。
I need a bike to go to school.
我上学需要一辆自行车。
Do you need a dictionary?
你需要词典吗?
She needs a necklace.
她需要一条项链。
needn't + have + 过去分词 表示过去做了没必要做的事情。
You needn't have taken it seriously.
这件事情你不必太认真。
dare 敢 多用在否定或疑问句中。
The little girl dare not speak in public.
小女孩不敢在公众面前说话。
Dare you catch the little cat?
你敢抓小猫吗?
dare 除用作情态动词外,更多的是当实义动词使用, 用法同实义动词一样,要考虑人称,单复数,时态等。
Do you dare to walk in the dark?
你敢黑夜走路吗?
He doesn't dare to tell the teacher what happened that day.
他不敢告诉老师那天发生的事。
ought 应当,应该 后面跟带有 to 的动词不定式。
You ought to read these books if you want to know how to repair the motorcar.
如果你想知道如何修理汽车,你应该读这些书。
You ought to bring the child here.
你应该把孩子带来。
ought + to have done 句型。指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做。
You ought to have been here yesterday.
你昨天就应该来。
ought not to have done 句型。表示一件不该做的事情却做了。
You ought not to have taken the book out of the reading-room.
你不应该把书带出阅览室。
will (would)决心,愿望。 would 为 will 的过去式,
可用于各人称。
I'll do my best to catch up with them.
我要尽全力赶上他们。
I'll never do it again, that's the last time.
我再不会做那件事情了,这是最后一次。
He said he would help me.
他说他会帮助我。
will, would用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用 would 比 will 更婉转,客气。
It's hot. Will you open the windows?
天气太热了,你能打开窗户吗?
Will you help me to work it out?
你能帮我解这道题吗?
Would you like some coffee?
给你来点咖啡怎样?
Shall, should表示命令,警告,允诺,征求,劝告,建议惊奇。
You should hand in the exercise book.
你应该交作业本儿了。
This should be no problem.
这应该没问题。
Shall we go now.
我们现在可以走了吗?
Why should I meet him?
为什么我要见他?
have to,不得不,必须,表示客观条件只能如此, 而must 则表示主观思想必须。
I have to go now.
我现在得走了。
I have to cook for my child.
我得给孩子做饭。
You must be here on time next time.
你下次一定要按时来。
We must go to get the timetable ourselves.
我们一定要自己去拿时刻表。
高考语法,短语(紧凑一点的)
系动词
系动词又称联系动词,作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(也称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,例如:
He fell illyesterday.
(fall是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况
He fell off theladder.
(fall是实义动词,单独作谓语。)
1)状态系动词
用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:
He is a teacher.
(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)
2)持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:
He always keptsilent at meeting.
This matter restsa mystery.
3)表像系动词
用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:
He looks tired.
He seems (to be)very sad.
4)感官系动词
主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:
This kind of clothfeels very soft.
This flower smellsvery sweet.
5)变化系动词
表示主语变成什么样,有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come,run
He became madafter that.
She grew richwithin a short time.
6)终止系动词
表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, trun out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:
The rumor provedfalse.
The search proveddifficult. 搜查证实很难。
His plan turnedout a success. (turn out表终止性结果)
I、常见系动词错误及其成因:
(1)漏掉系动词
I afraid he won'tcome tomorrow .
( 2 )误用系动词
His hair changedgrey .(混淆了change 与turn,grow)
I.系动词分类:
一、根据系动词后所跟结构,分为两大类:完全系动词(其后只能跟表语的动词,如be)和半系动词(其后既可跟表语作系动词用法,也可跟宾语或状语作实义动词用,如look)
He looked sad atthe news.
(“看起来”,系动词用法)
He looks at aclever boy.
(“看着”,实义动词用法)
在英语中,某一动词是多义词,既有实义动词用法,又有系动词用法。常见的有:
listen, look ,touch ,hear,see ,sound ,feel, taste ,remain ,keep,stay, turn,become
二、根据系动词的意义,分为四类:
A.五大感官系动词 B.状态系动词
C.动态系动词 D.双谓语系动词
A.五大感官系动词,描述一种感官性质。由实义感官动词变化而来,都是半系动词
1.look“看起来像是”,后接adj.、n.、分词、介词短语、不定式等。
The girl bit herlips and looked thoughtful.
2.smell“闻起来”,后接adj.,分词。
The flowers smellsweet.
3.sound“听起来”,后接adj.,分词。
The music soundssweet.
4.taste“尝起来”,后接adj.,分词。
The apples tastevery good.
5.feel①“摸起来,给……感觉”;②“觉得”,后接adj
The silk feelsvery soft.
You will feelbetter after a night’s sleep.
B.状态系动词:
1.be,“是”,完全系动词。
I am a student.
2.seem,“似乎,好像”,完全系动词。
They seem quitehappy.
3.appear,“显得,看起来好像”,半系动词。
He appeared tiredand sleepy.
It appeared(tobe)a true story.
Now it appears tome that he may play an important part in settling the problem. (在我看来)
4.keep, “保持……的状态”,半系动词,后接adj或介词短语。
You’d better go to bed and keep warm.
5.remain,“仍是”,半系动词。
I remained silent.
6.stay“保持(某种状态)”,半系动词,后接adj.、过去分词。
The window stayedopen all the night.
7.prove “证明是”,半系动词,后接adj.,n.
The treatmentproved to be successful.
C.动态系动词:都属于半系动词,描述状态变化过程。
1.get“变成,变得……起来”,后可接形容词、分词、介词短语。
The days aregetting longer and longer.
The train didn’t get going again.
It’s nothing to get excited about.
My watch gets outof order.
2.fall“进入(某种状态),成为”,后常接以下形容词:
asleep, silent,ill, sick
The old man,unable to express himself, fell silent.
My father fell illand died.
3.grow“渐渐变得……起来,长得”
You will grow usedto it.
It’s growing warm.
4.turn“转变成(新的与原来完全不同的色彩或性质),变质(色)”。
Maple trees turnred in autumn.
It was cloudy thismorning, but fortunately it has turned fine.
He has turnedwriter.
(注意:此时writer之前无冠词a.)
5.go,“变成(某种坏的状态)”
The telephone hasgone dead.
The material hasgone a funny colour. (奇怪)
go之后常接的adj. 还有:bad, blind, wild, wrong, sour, hard, hungry,mad, red, with, anger, white, pale, blue, grey
6.become“变成,成为(好坏均可的情况)”
He became angrywith me.
It became dark.
They became goodfriends.
I becameinterested in drawing.
7.come,“变成为(已知的状态),证实为”,后接形容词或前缀un-的过去分词作表语,表示状态或情况的变化。
His wish to becomea pilot has come true.
If you look intothe matter, everything will come clear.
My shoelaces havecome undone.
后面常接的形容词还有:apart, dear(昂贵),natural,open, untied(松开)。
8.run,“变成”,后接adj.
The well has rundry.
The price ranhigh.
9.make,“达到某种状态[后接形容词],如sure, certain, merry, bold, free
We must makecertain of facts.
我们一定要弄清事实。
The Children makefree with the apples.
孩子们随便吃苹果。
D.双谓语系动词
此类系动词既有系动词的功能,后接表语,又保留原实义动词本身的含义。例如:
The run rose red. 太阳升起红艳艳。
She stopped andstood quite still.
The book lay openon the table.
The snow lay thickon the ground.
He marriedyoung.
The window blew open.
III.系动词用法应注意的八个问题
1.系动词的进行时态应分情况讨论
一般,状态系动词无进行时态,而动态系动词有进行时态。但在某些情况下,状态系动词也有进行时态,表示两个用途:
(1)表示一种短暂的、反常的状态。如:
He is being kind.
他装出和蔼可亲的样子(一时而不能持久的性质)
(2)表示一种探询口气,使语言客气、生动、亲切。例如:
I hope you arekeeping well.
(语气委婉)
Are you feelingany better?
(语气亲切)
试比较:
Your hand feelscold.
你的手摸起来冰凉(无意识的静态性质)
不可以说:
Your hand isfeeling cold.(×)
The doctor isfeeling her pulse.
医生正在给她把脉(有意识的动态动作)
The soup tastesgood.
这汤的味道不错(静态性质,无进行时)
The cook istasting the soup.厨师在尝汤的味道。(动态动作,有进行时)
总之,系动词有无进行时态应随系动词的意义或其语境变化而变化。在概述某一动词的进行时态时,不能笼统地说feel,smell无进行时,应指出其意义及其语用环境。以smell为例
①smell作“嗅觉”的能力时,虽是实义动词,但指的是一种性质的存在状态不能用于进行时态,常与can, could, be able to连用。
The camels cansmell the water a mile off.
骆驼能嗅出一英里外有水。
②指“嗅、闻”的动作时,实义动词,可用于进行时态。
The girl issmelling the flower.
③smell指“含有……气味”,“发出……气味”等事物性质时,半系动词,无进行时态。
The dinner smellsgood.
2.系动词的时态与形容词的比较级连用的问题
某些含有变化意义的动态系动词如get, become, grow, turn等的进行时态可与形容词的比较级连用,表示渐进过程,其意思是“越来越……”。
He is growingtaller and taller.
Our life isgetting better and better.
The things aregetting worse.
3.所有半系动词的被动语态要分情况讨论
某动词在作系动词用时,无被动语态,而作实义动词用时,才有被动语态
不能说: The apple is tasted good.
(因为taste此时是系动词,“尝起来”之意,指的是苹果的性质,无被动语态)
但可以说: The apple is tasted by me.
(taste此时指“尝一尝”这一动作,有被动语态)
因此要注意半系动词在具体的语言环境中到底是系动词用法还是实义动词用法
4.瞬间动态系动词能否与时间段连用的问题
某些表示瞬间意义的系动词不能与“for+时间段,since+时间点,how long until+时间,by + 时间,so far”直接连用
①不能说:
He has become ateacher for 2 years.
应改为:
He has been ateacher for 2 years.
②不能说:He has turned writer since 3 years ago.
应改为:He has been a write since 3 years ago.
或It is two years since he turned writer.
③不能说:He got angry until his child came backhome.
应改为:He didn’t getangry until his child came back home.
5.系动词能接几种表语(从句)
系动词除了接adj.\n.\介词短语,某些adv.以外,还可接以下几种表语形式:
①能接as if/as though表语从句的系动词有:look,smell,sound,feel;appear(显得),seem(似乎)
It looks as if weare going to have snow.
He looked as if hehad just stepped out of my book of fairy tales.
It seems as if it werespring already.
②可用于“It+系动词+that从句”结构的有:seem, appear, 不可用be, look
It seemed that hehad made some serious mistakes in his work.
It appeared thathe was talking to himself.
③能用不定式作表语的系动词有:be, seem, get, look, appear, prove, grow.
Her job is to lookafter the children.
He looks to be ayoung girl of twenty.
④能与there连用的系动词有:be,appear, seem.
There appeared tobe only one room.
There seems(tobe)no need to go.
6.能用两种否定形式的系动词有两个:seem, appear.
It doesn’t seem that we can get our money back.
= It seems that wecan’t get our money back.
He seems not to beher father.
= He doesn’t seem to be her father.
The baby doesn’t appear to be awake.
= The baby appearsnot to be awake.
7、几组易混系动词的区别
系动词的区别主要从两个方面作比较,一是其意义,二是其结构。
1)get, become, go, turn, grow“变成”
get:“变得”口语。后接形容词、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式作表语,但不能与名词直接连用。
become:“变成,成为(好坏情况均可)。”后接形容词、名词、过去分词作表语,不能与不定式连用。
go:“变成(某种由好到坏的情况)”,后接形容词、过去分词、名词作表语。
Turn:“转变成”强调与原来不同的、新的变化,如变质、变色等。后接形容词、不带冠词的名词作表语,后不接不定式。
grow:“逐渐变得……”,强调其变化过程。后接形容词、分词、不定式,不可直接跟名词。
2)look, seem, appear“好像”
三者作系动词时在意义上的区别:
look:“好像,看起来”,一般用于非正式场合,侧重指从本身外表特征上由视觉得到的印象。
seem :“似乎,好像”,指说话人内心的估计与判断,有一定依据,接近于实际情况。
appear:“显得,好像”,常用于正式文体中,指某事物或人给他人的表面印象,有时含有实质上并非如此之意。
He looks like hisfather. (指其长相看起来相像)
He seems like hisfather. (指说话人从个性方面得到的判断)
He appears likehis father.(指他的外貌、衣着给他人的印象)
3)keep, remain, stay“保持……状态”
①keep作系动词时,“保持……状态”,后接adj.或介词短语:alive,awake,cheerful,silent,dry,well,fit,fine,close,clean,happy
Have you kept wellall these years?
I hope it willkeep fine.
In order to keepfit, all students go in for sports.
We’d better keep in touch.
②remain,系动词“仍然存在……状态”,后接adj.、过去分词、名词或介词短语,强调某种状态前后无变化。
The door remainedclosed.
门仍然关着。
Your room remainslike this.
你的房间依旧是这样子。
③stay,作系动词用时“保持……状态”,后接形容词、分词。
That fellow stayedsingle.
那个小伙子仍保持单身。
It’s easy to stay hidden.
躲起来很容易。
后常接的形容词有:calm, clean, fresh, healthy, young, open,awake, warm, fine, 常可与keep互换。如:
Stay/keepcalm(clean, fine, healthy, awake等)
①What you have said_______.
A.is soundedinteresting
B.soundsinteresting
C.soundinterested
D.listensinterested
②The class begins. Please keep________.
A.silent B.silence
C.the silence D.silently
③Look! Several people in the crowdseemed_______.
A.to be fighting B.to havefought
C.being fought D.havingfought
④How _____the song she sings sounds! I havenever ______a better voice.
A.beautifully, sounded
B.beautiful, sounded
C.sweet, listened to
D.sweet, heard
⑤Her feeling about the marriage ______ratherstrange.
A.is looked B.is seemed
C.seems D.isappeared
⑥John _____driver since two months ago.
A.became a B.has becomea
C.has turned D.has been a
⑦The ice_____ thick on the river.
A.is lain
B.lay
C.laid
D.lie
请列举下高考常考的英语不及物动词和用法
bring about 引起,导致 bring back 使想起 bring down 降低
bring in 赚得;引入;请?做 bring up 提出;养育;抚养;呕吐 2.break 构成的短语
break away(from)逃脱;脱离
break down (机器等)坏掉;(身体)垮掉;(计划、和谈等)失败 break in 破门而入;插嘴
break into 强行闯入;突然开始
break out (火灾、战争、疾病等)突然开始;爆发 break up 解散;粉碎;绝交 3.call 构成的短语 call at 拜访(某地) call on 拜访(某人) call back 回电话
call up 打电话给;使回忆起 call for 去(接);需要,要求 call in 召来 call off 取消
4.cut 构成的短语 cut down 砍倒;削减 cut in 打断(谈话),插嘴 cut off 中断;断绝 cut up 切碎
5.come 构成的短语 come about 发生 come across 偶遇
come to 共计,达到;苏醒 come true 变为现实
come up 走上前;被提出 come up with 提出 come into being 形成 6.get 构成的短语
get about 四处走动;传开 get across 传达
get away 逃脱,设法离开 get down 下来;记下 get off 出发;下班 get together 聚会
get through 接通;通过 get down to 开始认真干 get over 克服
get along/on with 进展;相处 7.go 构成的短语 go away 离开
go back 返回(某地) go by 逝去
go on 继续下去,上场,开始运行 go over 检查,反复研究 go out 熄灭
go up (价格等)上涨 go down (温度等)下降
go against 违背;对?不利 go ahead 开始,进展,进行 go after/for 追逐,追求 go without 勉强维持;凑合 go in for 爱好;参加;从事 go through 通过;经历 go over 复习;仔细审查 go by 过去,经过 8.give 构成的短语 give up 放弃 give in 屈服
give out 用尽;分发
give away 泄露;赠送;颁发 give off 发出
give back 归还;使恢复 9.make 构成的短语 make up for 补偿,弥补 make out 辨认出 make fun of 取笑
make up one's mind 下定决心
make sense 有道理(意义),讲得通 make good/full use of...充分利用?
make up 编造;组成;构成;补齐,凑足 10.put 构成的短语
put aside 把?放在一边 put away 把?收好 put down 扑灭,平息 put forward 提出 put off 延期,推迟 put out 扑灭;生产
put up 挂起,张贴;搭起;为某人提供食宿 put up with 忍受,容忍 11.turn 构成的短语 turn down 拒绝;调低 turn in 上交
turn out 结果是,证明是 turn over 移交,交给 turn up 出现;调高 turn off 关掉
turn on 打开 turn away 走开
turn to 求助于;翻到 语法训练
1.(2011年高考天津卷)I________a bank account after I made $1,000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation.
A.borrowed B.opened C.entered D.ordered 解析:句意:我在暑假做兼职工作挣了1 000美元之后在银行开了个账户。borrow借(入);open开设;enter进入;order命令。根据句意可确定选B项。
答案:B
2.(2011年高考福建卷)I'd prefer to________my judgement until I find all the evidence. A.show B.express C.pass D.reserve
解析:句意:在我找到所有的证据之前,我宁愿保留我的看法。show显示,表明;express表明,表达;pass传递,通过;reserve保留。由句意可知D项正确。
答案:D
3.(2011年高考安徽卷)If you________faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.
A.come across B.care about C.look for D.focus upon
解析:句意:如果你偶然发现些瑕疵而又还想要这辆自行车,你可以让店员降低价格。B项care about表示“关心,在乎”,C项look for表示“寻找”,D项focus upon表示“集中(注意力)”,这三项很明显与题意不符;只有A项come across表示“偶然发现,偶然遇见”符合句子意思。因此选A项。
答案:A
4.(2011年高考福建卷)Born into a family with three brothers, David was________to value the sense of sharing.
A.brought up B.turned down C.looked after D.held back
解析:句意:出生在一个有三个哥哥的家庭里,戴维被教导要重视分享意识。bring up养育,抚养,教育;turn down拒绝,(把声音等)调低;look after照料,照看;hold back阻挡,妨碍,控制(感情),隐瞒不讲。根据句意可知A项正确。
答案:A
5.(2011年高考江西卷)You can't predict everything. Often things don't ________as you expect.
A.run out B.break out C.work out D.put out
解析:句意:你不能预料一切,事情常常不按你预期的那样发展。run out用完,用尽;break out爆发;work out算出,做出,制订出,发生,发展;put out熄灭。根据句意知选C项。
答案:C
6.—How was the school's sports meet?
—We didn't plan it like that but it ________very well. A.tried out B.went out C.worked out D.carried out
解析:考查动词短语。后句句意:我们事先并没有那样计划,但最后结果却很好。work out“成功地发展”,符合语意。try out意为“试验”;go out意为“出去,熄灭”;carry out 意为“贯彻,实行”。
答案:C
7.Everyone should learn something about first aid,because every second ________in an emergency.
A.urges B.costs C.needs D.counts
解析:考查动词辨析。句意:每个人都应该了解有关急救的知识,因为在紧急情况下每一秒都很重要。urge意为“力劝,催促”;cost意为“花费”;need意为“需要”;count意为“重要”。根据语境选D项。
答案:D
8.(2012年无锡市检测)Leave him alone.He is ________himself to the preparations for the coming exam.
A.adjusting B.applying C.losing D.engaging
解析:考查动词辨析。apply oneself to努力学习,勤奋工作,符合语意。adjust oneself to适应,习惯;lose oneself in沉迷于,全神贯注于;engage sb.in(使)从事,参加。
答案:B
9.(2012年盐城模拟)—Because of the rain,we'll have to________the football match. —I'm free next Sunday if you would like to play then. A.advance B.postpone C.abandon D.advocate
解析:考查动词辨析。advance前进;postpone推迟,延期;abandon丢弃,遗弃;advocate拥护,提倡。句意:——由于下雨,我们将不得不推迟足球赛。——如果你喜欢玩,下周日我有空。
答案: B
10.(2012年苏州模拟)—Shall we ________for twenty minutes and have a cup of coffee? —I can't agree with you any more. A.break off B.break down C.break up D.break out
解析:考查动词短语。问句句意:我们能不能停下来喝杯咖啡?break off中断,停止;break down 瓦解,分解;break up破裂,解散;break out爆发。
答案:A
11.Some parents are just too protective.They want to ________their kids from every kind of danger,real or imagined.
A.spot B.dismiss C.shelter D.distinguish
解析:考查动词辨析。根据前一句中的内容可知父母想给孩子提供“庇护”,让他们避免各种危险,无论是真实的,还是想象的。A项表示“认出;发现”;B项表示“开除;解散”;D项表示“区分”,都不符合语意。
答案:C
12.—I came all the way to inform you of the time and place of the meeting. —You could have ________yourself the trouble by calling me. A.shared B.spared C. cost D.removed
解析:考查动词辨析。答话人认为对方本来不必一路走来通知自己会议的时间和地点,打个电话就可以省去这种麻烦,spare sb.the trouble表示“免除某人(做某事的)麻烦”。
答案:B
13.It is required that all traffic participants should ________the traffic rules to make traffic safer and faster.
A.perform B.observe C.support D.possess
解析:考查动词辨析。此处observe the traffic rules是固定表达,意为“遵守交通法规”,据此选B。
答案:B
14.(2012年温州五校联考)A well?written composition ________good choice of words and clear organization among other things.
A.calls on B.calls up C.calls for D.calls off
解析:考查动词短语辨析。call on表示“号召”;call up 表示“打电话,使想起”;call for表示“要求,需要”;call off表示“取消”。根据题意可知选C。
答案:C
15.The great damage which the destructive earthquake in Japan in March 11,2011________made a great many people homeless.
A.brought in B.brought about C.brought up D.brought out
解析:考查动词短语。句意:2011年3月11日在日本发生的灾难性地震造成的巨大破坏使很多人无家可归。bring about造成,导致,符合语意。bring in引进,赚得,提出;bring up养育,抚养;bring out阐明,生产。
答案:B
望采纳 有需要再找我哦
高考英语语法主要考哪些
英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,可把动词分成及物动词和不及物动词。
不及物动词:字典里词后标有vi. 的就是不及物动词。不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语)。若要跟宾语,必须先在其后添加上某个介词,如to,of ,at后方可跟上宾语。具体每个动词后究竟加什么介词就得联系动词短语了.
常用的不及物动词
appear ,Appear calm
come ,Come easy (safe)
go ,Go mad (crazy, bad, sour, wrong, crazy, hungry, blind)
get ,Get angry (ill, wet, excited, married, paid)
fall ,Fall asleep( fall ill, fall short, fall flat)
feel ,Feel good (sleepy)
keep ,Keep quiet (silent)
look ,Look fit (well, young, tired)
make, Make certain (sure, ready, a good teacher)
prove ,Prove an effective method (correct, accurate)
remain ,Remain still (unchanged)
rest,Rest satisfied (content)
rise, Rise red
seem ,Seem happy
stand ,Stand still
stay ,Stay young (stay fresh, the same)
turn, Turn teacher =become a teacher (yellow)
turn out ,Turn out true
用法举例
Look carefully! (注意:carefully 是副词,不是名词,故不作宾语)
look at 看…….+宾语 Look at me carefully! (me是代词,作宾语)
(at是小范围 in是大范围)
如: The students work very hard.学生们很努力地学习。
She apologized to me again. 她再次向我道歉。
The accident happened yesterday evening.昨天晚上发生了事故。
与及物动词的区别
及物动词与不及物动词的区别从是否需要宾语来分,实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词两类。
1)及物动词 后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如: I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。
“How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里问:“这本书我可以借多久?”
2)不及物动词 本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如: Birds fly.鸟会飞。
It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三二年六月。
My watch stopped.我的表停了。
She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。
3)兼作及物动词和不及物动词 英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况:
a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。试比较:
Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)
She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(begin作及物动词)
When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词)
They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词)
b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同。如:
Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。
Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗?
4) 与汉语的比较 有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法不一样,请注意下列两种情况:
a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,1isten听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如:
We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)(比较:We reached the railway station at noon.)
Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去)(比较:We all heard the lecture.)
Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去)
b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,如serve为…服务。 Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务
及物动词后可以加宾语,不及物动词后不可以加宾语
动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题。动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况:
a.主要用作及物动词。及物动词后面必须跟宾语。可以用于:"主+谓+宾";"主+谓+双宾";"主+谓+宾+宾补"结构。如:
He reached Paris the day before yesterday.
Please hand me the book over there.
They asked me to go fishing with them.
类似的还有:buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell.... b.主要用作不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不跟宾语。只能用于:"主+谓"结构。
This is the room where I once lived.
类似的还有:agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed....
c.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义不变。如begin 都是作"开始"讲。everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game.
类似的还有:start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve....
d.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义完全不同。
这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义;而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的"消散"。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是"升高;举起"。 He lifted his glass and drank.
类似的还有:beat vi.跳动 vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长 vt. 种植 play vi.玩耍 vt. 打(牌、球),演奏 smell vi.发出(气味) vt. 嗅 ring vi.(电话、铃)响vt.打电话 speak vi.讲话 vt. 说(语言) hang vi. 悬挂 vt. 绞死 operate vi.动手术 vt. 操作
需要注意的一点是:少数不及物动词唯一可跟的宾语是同源宾语,如:I dreamed a dream last night.
高考中能用到的英语语法和各语法的学习思路或方法 还有盈余作文中的套话语句
一、非谓语动词
“非谓语动词”可分为动词不定式、动名词和分词。它在句子中的作用很多:除了不作谓语外,它可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语与复合宾语(主语补语或宾语补语)。有些及物动词后面接不带to的不定式作复合宾语。这些动词归纳如下:一感(feel).二听(hear,listen to),三让(have,1et, make),四看(see,watCh,notice,observe)。再加上help somebody(to)do something和美国英语look at somebody do somthing。还有“二让”属特殊:get somebody to do something 与keep somebody doing。而有些及物动词后面接动名词(the -ing form)作宾语。这些动词归纳为一句话:Papa C makes friends。这是由如下动词的开头字母组成:permit,advise, practise,avoid,consider,mind, allow,keep,enjoy,suggest, finish,risk,imagine,escape,need,delay,stand(忍受)。 为了容易记住,也可以编成顺口溜:“允许完成练习,建议避免冒险,考虑延期逃跑,喜欢保持想象,需要反对忍受”。其相对应的动词依次是:permit/allow,finish,practise;
advise/suggest, avoid,risk: consider, delay, escape/miss; enjoy/appreciate, keep, imagine; need/want/require,mind. can't help/can’t stand。
二、复合句
1、学生最容易混淆的是定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
例如:A、The news that our team has won the match is true. (同位语从句)
B、The news that he told us surprised everybody here. (定语从句)
关键的区别在于连接或关系代词that:有意义的是定语, 无意义的是同位。因为引导定语从句的that在从句中作主语或 宾语,而引导同位语从句的that只起到连接词的作用。
2、接着容易混淆的是引导定语从句的关系代词that与 which:that之前是不定(代词)、序数(词)、(形容词)最高级:which之前是介词短语与逗号(非限制性)。
例如:A、All that we have to do is to practise every day.
B、The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.
C、I have lost my pen,which I like very much.
D、The house in front of which there is a garden is my home.
三、It的用法
1、It除了代替人和物以外,还可以作形式主语。而真正的主语(不定式、动名词或从句)则放于谓语或表语之后。
例如:It is nor easy to finish the work in two days.
然而有少数表语之后接动名词作真正的主语。这些表语是:无助(no help)、无用(no use)、没好处(no good);工作(hard work)、费时(a waste of time)、又危险(a danger)。
例如:A、It is no use crying over spilt milk.
B、It is a waste of time waiting for him.
2、It还可以作形式宾语。通常下列动词后面可接it作形式宾语:2f2tcjm(find,feel,think,take,consider,judge, make)。
例如:A、He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject.
B、I think it no use arguing with him.
3、It用于强调句式。要强调句子的某一部分(主语、宾语、 状语),可以把it当作先行词。这种句子的结构是:It is(was)+ 被强调部分+that(who)+句子的其余部分。
例如:A、It iS Professor Lin who teaches us English—(强调主语)
B、It was in Shanghai that l saw the film.—(强调状语)
C、It was in 1990 that I worked in the factory.(同上)
但要注意与定语从句的区别。
例如:D、It was 1990 when I worked in the factory.(定语从句)
在强调句式里,我们把强调结构It is(was)…that除去,句子还很完整。如例句C。而例句D就不能。
四、倒装结构
学生容易混淆的是全部倒装与部分倒装。如何区分之,编个顺口溜:副(adv.)介(prep.)提前全倒装,其它句式部分倒;否定提前倒助动,让步状语倒表语;复合句式倒主句,不
倒装的属特殊。下面举例说明:
A、Here comes the bus.(副词提前,全倒装)
B、Here he comes.(代词作主语,不倒装)
C、In front of the house lies a garden.(介词短语提前,全倒装)
D、Never shall I do this again.(否定词提前,部分倒装)
E、Young as he is ,he knows a lot.(让步状语从句,表语倒装)
F、Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.(only 修饰状语,主句倒装)
G、Only he can save the patient.(only修饰主语.不倒装)
H、Not only will help be given to people,but also medical treatment will be provided.(否定词提前,部分倒装)
I、Not only he but also we like sports.(连接两个主语,不倒装)
五、虚拟语气
虚拟语气也是一个难点。所谓虚拟语气是表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实。它通过句子的谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。现归纳如下:纯假设,用虚拟,动词时态退一级:条件句,分主从,主句谓语前加would (should,could,might);表愿望,用虚拟,wish后面接宾语(从句):现在过去与将来,动词时态退一级:提建议,用虚拟,宾语(从句)动词用(should)do:俩建议,三要求,再加坚持与命令(suggest,advise,demand,require,request,insist,order):It is time和eoukd rather,后接丛句用虚拟:部分主语从句中, 谓语用虚拟结构 (It is necessry /important/natural/natural/strange/strange that……should do)。 下面举例说明:
A、If you came tomorrow,we would have the metting. (条件句虚拟)
B、Without air,there would be no living things.(同上)
C、We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.(表示愿望虚拟)
D、He demanded that we (should)start right away.(表示建议虚拟)
E、It is(high)time that we left (should leave)now.(特殊从句虚拟)
F、I would rather you gave me the book.(同上)
G、It is necessary that we should clean the room everyday,(主语从句虚拟)
H、He speaks English so fluently as if he were English. (特殊从句虚拟)
总之,语法是从语言实践中总结出来的规则,要边学边寻找规律,以提高学习效率。在学习中不能只记一些语法规则,要进行实践练习。通过练习,可以发现和纠正错误,而且有利于况固所学知识。
◆高分◆求高中英语中的动词短语,有追加
一.非谓语动词
一.不定式:
一)不定式的常考形式:
1) 一般形式:He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.
被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.
语法功能: 表示与谓语动词同步发生
2) 完成形式:He pretended not to have seen me.
被动形式:The book is said to have been translated into many languages.
语法功能:表示发生在谓语动词之前
二)不定式常考的考点:
1)不定式做定语----将要发生
2)不定式做状语----目的
3)不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.
三)不定式的省略
1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel
+ do 表示动作的完整性,真实性;
+ doing 表示动作的连续性,进行性
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.
昨天我见他正在花园里干活。(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)
" 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词:The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.
2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to
I 'd like to have John do it.
I have my package weighed.
Paul doesn't have to be made to learn.
3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do
四)有些动词后只跟不定式如:
want,wish,hope,manage,promise,refuse,pretend,plan, offer,decide,agree,expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do
force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do
be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do
We agreed _______ here,but so far she hasn't turned up yet.(NMET
1995)
A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met (Key:C)
五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式
accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.
三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中,want不太常用。
He needs (a lot of) encouraging.
二. 动名词: 具有动作性特征的名词
1)是名词 seeing is believing
2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary.
一)动名词的形式:
一般形式:I don't like you smoking.
完成形式:I regret not having taken your advice.
被动形式:This question is far from being settled.
二) 动名词常考的点
1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数
2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词
3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语.
I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon.(MET 1992)
A.you to call B.you call C.you calling D.you're calling(Key:C your calling 也对)
I regret not having taken your advice.
4)有些词后只能接动名词
admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand...
另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法:
it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point...
5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可
remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式,意义截然不容。
I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作)
I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作)
forgot remember的用法类似。
I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你…
I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。
try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness.
try -ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day.
I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去,但我父亲不让我去。
To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。
prefer的用法:
我宁愿在这里等。
3 分词:
现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态
现在分词的形式:
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean(主任)? (与谓语动词同步发生)
2)完成形式:Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前)
3)完成被动形式:Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动)
过去分词
1) 过去分词表示被动:Fight no battle unprepared.
2)过去分词的进行形式:You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做)
这三种非谓语动词,都可以构成复合结构,非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系--主动还是被动,往往就是考点。独立主格结构中,要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。
二:虚拟语气和情态动词
情态动词的基本用法及其区别
最近几年高考试题中常常借助语境来考查情态动词的基本用法及其区别,因此在平时学习时准确理解和掌握情态动词的基本用法十分重要。情态动词的用法复杂多变,在高考试题中,命题者常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查学生对情态动词的理解和掌握。对于情态动词,除了要求考生能够准确掌握它们的基本用法外,还要充分利用高考试题所设置的语境来分析句子之间所体现的特殊关系。下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析,以便同学们复习掌握。
一、用"情态动词+have +done"结构表示对过去动作的推测,高考试题中常用过去时态或过去的时间状语给以暗示。情态动词的这一用法可以用 "对立统一"来概括。
1.当试题的前句和后句在动作和意义上相互补充说明,且整个句意在动作和时间上是一个整体时,我们可用"统一"关系来解决这样的试题。常见的结构有:
must have done:
表示对过去动作的肯定推测,常译作"一定做了……",只能用于肯定句中。其否定形式为can't/couldn't have done?
疑问式为Can/Could...have done?。
could /might have done:表示对过去发生的动作的可能性推测,常译作"可能做了……"。如:
1) My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he
_____ your lecture. ?(上海 2000)
A. couldn't have attended
B. needn't have attended
C. mustn't have attended
D. shouldn't have attended
本题选A。
2) Jack ____ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me. (上海'97
A. mustn't have arrived
B. shouldn't have arrived
C. can't have arrived
D. need not have arrived (C)
2.当试题的前后句在动作和意义上构成转折关系时,常借助"but, however, instead"等词来表示过去的动作与客观事实不符,这时我们就可以用"对立"关系来解决这样的试题。这种结构常见的有:
should have done / ought to have done:表示过去本应该做某事而实际上没有做。
should not have done / ought not to have done:表示过去本不应该做某事但事实上却做了。
由句中的连词but可知前后句之间是对立关系,分析题意可知本题应选C。
二、考查情态动词基本用法之间的比较和辨析。最近几年高考试题中常借助具体的语境来考查考生对那些最常见的情态动词的基本用法的理解和掌握,因此在做这样的试题时应认真分析语境中所含的实际意义,并结合情态动词的基本含义和用法做出正确的选择。
虚拟语气
" 最自然的虚拟状态:由should/would+原型时态(不含时间只含状态)
本质上是过去将来时:即,时间固定在过去将来,状态不同:一般、进行、完成、完成进行。
这时"虚拟语气"的产生往往是因为我们要表达"本来应该……"(而现在却还没有……)
(本来可以……,本来能……)
一些常见的句型中,就会出现这种虚拟语气,而处于从句之中,should 常常被省略掉
o suggest, advise, propose, recommend, plan;
o demand, order, direct, arrange, command, decide;
o require, request;
o think, expect, believe, insist, suspect.
由于他们的含义中包含"建议,假设,应该"这类的含义,所以,由他们引起的从句中,就会包含有should+原型时态构成的虚拟语气。
这些动词(以及他们的名次形式,分词形式)引起的从句还有其他的变形
主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句
It's suggested that…
My suggestion is that…
The only suggestion that...
The only suggestion I can give you now is that…
一些形容词引起的表语从句中,也会有同样的情况
important; necessary; essential
It's natural ; strange; incredible that
a pity; a shame; no wonder
? 由lest, for fear that, in case 引起的从句中多使用should
" 表达与事实相反
1. 与现在相反:使用[过去时]:
I wish I were not here! (一般现在'一般过去)
Suppose we were not here.
He loved me as if I were his own son. (一般现在'一般过去)
Hope I weren't always losing things! (现在进行'过去进行)
If only/If I hadn't been there! (现在完成'过去完成)
What if I hadn't been waiting right here! (现在完成进行'过去完成进行)
常考句型:It's (high) time (that)…; would rather (that)…
这两个从句,只能表达对现在的看法,所以,从句中只有一般过去时。
2. 与过去相反:过去完成时;
3. 与将来相反?将来的事情没有发生,所以只能推测且实现可能很小
I wish he could not smoke any more.
不过,由于可以用be to表示将来;所以,虚拟语气中经常出现were to;也是CET-4的常考语法点。
" 虚拟条件句
o if 部分,做一个与事实相反的假设(所以只有一般过去和过去完成)
o 主句部分,这是表示基于这个假设的推测,一般使用情态动词would,少数情况下使用could/might/should。
o 注意:两个部分之间,是有逻辑关系,而在两部分的谓语动词时态上,没有必然的联系。
" 注意,虚拟条件句中的if可以省略,造成were/had提前,产生倒装。
" 隐含的非真实条件 :由特殊的词给出条件: with, without, in , but for, otherwise, or
How could I be happy without you? In his shoes, I would kill myself.
But for the storm, we would have arrived.
三、一致关系
一)主谓一致
1. 主谓一致(与插入语无关)
1主谓的分隔原则:主谓之间可以用定语从句或者省略的定语从句分隔。
2定语从句中的主谓一致:
3随前一致:
n. + together with n2
as well as
including
along with
with / of
accompanied with / by
4就近原则:n1 or n2 +v(就近原则)
either n1 or n2
5可数n1 and 可数n2+v(pl)
不可数n1 and 不可数n2+v(pl)
例外:war and peace is… war and peace是一个整体
但是如果主语表示的是同一个概念,同一人,同一事的时候,谓语动词用单数,这种结构的特征是and连接的两个词只有一个冠词。
The iron and steel industry is very important to our country.
The head master and mathematical teacher is coming.
The head master and the mathematical teacher are coming.
类似的还有:law and order bread and
butter black and white
To love and to be loved is …
A lawyer and a teacher are…
A lawyer and teacher is …
6随后原则:not A but B / not only A but also B+v.(与B一致)
7百分比结构:most , half , rest , some , majority , one+persent
of+n1+v.(由n1决定
8倒装结构的主谓一致:
a)There be +n 由名词决定动词
b)Among , between等介词位于句首引起倒装结构:
Among / Between …+系动词+n. (由名词决定动词)
9The+adj的主谓一致:
a)当表示"一类人",
b)当表示某一抽象概念时
The good is always attractive.
10 To do/doing/主从+vs
*More than one+n
many a +n.
a day or two
二)、倒装
1 全部倒装
是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有:Up went the plane = the plane went up.
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。
2) 表示运动方向的副词(back, down, off, up)或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。
注意:1) 上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能倒装。Here he comes. Away they went. 2) 谓语动词是be的时候,不能倒装。 Here it is. Here you are.
3) 形容词短语/分词短语位于句首,引起倒装
*typical of characteristic of
*coinciding with + n
4) 表示地点范围的介词短语位于句首,谓语动词为系动词,一定引起倒装
In…(表语)+系动词+主,主同。
*在倒装句型答案中不能出现there
*常考介词要倒装:among between in at beneath
常考的系动词:be lie exist remain rest
部分倒装
1. 否定 adv 位于句首,引起倒装:not only, not until, hardly, scarcely,
seldom, rarely, no sooner…than
1) not until + 时间 + 主谓倒装,not until + 句子+主谓倒装
2) only+状语位于句首
only +ad. eg: recently
prep.短短语 eg: in recently years
从句 eg: when clause
only一个词本身不倒装
3) 在比较级结构中,than后面可以倒装,也可以不倒装。
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
? 1) Neither, nor, so 表示前面句子的共同否定或者肯定,产生倒装,一般主动词提前,谓语动词的其他部分就
4) as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 (形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前)。
as〔让步〕虽然,尽管〔词序倒装。语气比 though 强〕。
Successful as he is, he is not proud. 他虽成功,却不骄傲。
Women as she is, she's every brave.
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
注意:A) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。B) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
5) 其他部分倒装
a) so… that 句型中的so; such… that句型中的such位于句首时,需倒装。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
b) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中:May you all be happy.
c) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词,可将if 省略,把 were, had, should 移到主语之前,采取部分倒装。Were I you, I would try it again.
四、复合句
从句可分为:
? 名词性从句' 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
? 形容词性从句'定语从句
? 副词性从句'状语从句
" 常考的关系代词:that; which; who/whom/whose; where; when; what; as。
" 常见的同位语从句现行词(that之前的抽象名词):fact, idea, news, hope, conclusion, evidence, opinion, problem, thought, understanding…
" 常用的引导词
o 时间状语从句:while; when; before; whenever; as; after; till; until; since; once; ever since; as/so long as; as soon as; no sooner… than; hardly… when; scarcely/barely… when; the moment/minute/instant; on (the point of) doing…
o 地点状语从句:where; wherever
o 原因状语从句:because; since; as; seeing that; considering that; now that; in that; for fear that; lest; owing to the fact that; because of the fact that; due to the fact that…
o 方式状语从句:as; as if; as though; how; save that…
o 比较状语从句:as; than; as… as; not so… as; hardly… than;
o 结果状语从句:so that; so… that; such… that; so as to…
o 条件状语从句:if; unless; in case; so long as; so far as; provided/providing/that; supposing; granted/granting that…; giving that…
o 让步状语从句:though; although; even if; even though; whether; as; however; no matter (what, how, when); for all that; in spite of the fact that; granted that; regardless of the fact that…
o 目的状语从句:that; so that; in order that; lest; for the fear that; in case…
定语从句:
which 引导的定语从句结构
1)which是关系代词,which后面应该加缺主语或者宾语的句子,
在这个句子中,which要作成分,作主语或者宾语
2)in which+完整的句子
which在定语从句中作in的宾语,所以不能作后面句子的主语
3)名词+of which+谓语动词
of which来修饰名词,名词在定语从句中作主语,所以后面直接跟谓语动词
I have five books three of which are borrowed from Mary.
4)介词+ which +to do 其功能相当于定语从句。
The key with which to open the door is lost.
5)定语从句的省略结构:
1. 如果that / which在定从中作 宾语,可以省略.
sub+vt+n+(which / that)+sub+vt
→s+vt+n+s+v
s+vt+n1+n2+vt
*当做题时,若发现两个名词在一起,但是似乎连不上,则一定省略that /
which,则动词为vt,做谓语。
6)定从的特殊省略
the way (in which) + 句子
the reason (why that)+句子 均为完整句
the time (that / when)+句子
I do remember the first time (that省) I ever heard the sweetest voice in the world.
By the time省that+句子,句子。
7)定从的主系省略(主+系可同时省)
即:which be , who be , that be可同时省
状语从句省略结构
这种省略从句主语的方式理论上需要满足以下两个条件:
第一、特定的状语从句引导词:although though even though when while if as
第二、从句主语和主句主语必须保持一致;
第三、从句的谓语必须是be动词,主语和be动词同进同出,比如上面的they和are要么同时省略,要么同时保留。
高考英语插入语及插入句的用法
在NMET中,插入语屡见不鲜,由于插入语通常与句中其它成分没有语法上的关系,因此给考生的理解带来一定困难。插入语多半用逗号与句子隔开,用来表示说话者对句子所表达的意思的态度。插入语可能是一个词、一个短语或一个句子。
一、常用做插入语的副词
indeed的确, surely无疑, however然而, obviously显然, frankly坦率地说, naturally自然, luckily (或happily) for sb.算某人幸运, fortunately幸好, strangely奇怪, hone stly真的, briefly简单地说等。
1. Surely, she won?t go to China Telecom with you.
当然她不会和你一起去中国电信。
2. Strangely, he has not been to China Unicom. Still more strangely, he has not called me.
奇怪,他未来过中国联通。更奇怪,他没给我打电话。
3. Fortunately, I found the book that I?d lost.
幸亏我找到了已丢失的那本书。
二、常见的作插入语的形容词或其短语
true真的, funny真可笑, strange to say说也奇怪, needless to say不用说, most impor tant of all最为重要, worse still更糟糕的等。
1. Strange to say (或True), he should have done such a thing.
说也奇怪(或真的),他竟然做出这样的事。
2. Most important of all, you each over?fulfilled your own task.
更为重要的,你们各自超额完成了自己的任务。
三、常用作插入语的介词短语
in a few words(或in sum, in short)简而言之, in other words换句话说, in a sense在某种意义上, in general一般说来, in my view在我看来, in his opinion(judgment)按照他的意见(判断), in conclusion总之, in summary概括地说, in fact事实上, in the first place首先, in addition此外, of course当然, to our knowledge据我们所知, to my joy(delight, satisfaction)使我欣慰(高兴、满意)的, to their surprise(astonis hment, amazement)使他们惊奇的, to her regret (disappointment)使她遗憾(失望)的, for instance(或example)例如, as a matter of fact事实上等。
高考英语出现频率最高的词组
look 的常用短语:look up … in查找
look sb. up and down 上下打量
look back to/ upon回顾
look upon…as把… 看作
look forward to期待
look through浏览; 看穿
take a new look呈现新面貌
fear的常用短语:in fear害怕地
(be) in fear of 害怕
for fear of/ that担心;生怕
concentrate 的常用短语:concentrate on 专心…
concentrate one’s mind on 专心于…
类似的短语:
fix one’s mind upon
focus on
put one’s heart into
focus one’s mind on
surprise常用短语:in surprise惊讶地
to one’s surprise 使某人惊讶的是
be surprise at/to do/that
对某事感到惊讶
表示“穿衣”的动作或状态的词和短语1.表示动作的有:
pull on
put on
dress
dress sb
2. 表示状态的有:
wear
be in
be dressed in
have … on
常见表“喜欢”的短语和单词like
care for
be keen on
be fond of
take delight in…
trouble的常用短语:have much trouble / no trouble (in) doing 在…有/没有困难
take great trouble to do
不辞辛劳做某事
put sb to the trouble of doing …
为难某人做某事
make trouble捣乱
be in (great) trouble
惹麻烦;处在困境中
help sb. out of trouble
帮某人摆脱困境
end的常用短语:come to an end……结束
put an end to 结束……
on end竖起, 连续
in the end终于; 最后
end up (by) doing…以……结束
make both ends meet收支相抵
表示“导致”、“由…引起”的短语:1. 导致
cause sth. (to do)
result in
lead to
2. 由……引起
be caused by
result from
grow out of
lie in
表“全力以赴”的短语:do / try one’s best
spare no efforts to do
take great pains to do
go all out to do
do what somebody can (do) to do
do all somebody can (do) to do
direction常用短语:in (the ) direction of….朝……方向
under the direction of ...在……的指导下
follow the directions照说明去做
far常用短语:far from (being)离……要求相差很远
far from +(a place)距离某地很远
far away遥远
so far 到目前为止; 那么远
as far as sb. knows/sees据某人所知
by far
(最高级前,比较级后)起强调作用
distance常用短语:in the distance在远处
from/ at a distance从远处
keep sb. at a distance
于某人保持一定距离
It is no distance at all.不远
use常用短语:used to do过去曾经、常做
be used to doing …习惯于……
be used to do被用来做……
make good/ full use of充分利用……
come into use开始使用……
it is no use doing …干……没有用
“出了什么事”的几种不同表达What’s wrong with….?
What’s the matter with…?
What’s the trouble with…?
What happened (to sb.) ?
“众所周知”常用表达法:It is known to all that…主语从句,that不能省
As is known to all,定语从句,置于句首
We all know (that)后接宾语从句
Everyone knows (that)后接宾语从句
, which is known to all.非限定从句,置于句末
表“同意某人意见”的常用短语:agree with sb. /what sb. said
agree to sth.
approve (of) sth.
in favour of sth.
be agreeable to sth.
be for sth.
“不同意”
disagree with sb./ what sb. said
object to sth.
disapprove (of) sth.
be against sth.
sign的常用短语:sign one’s name签名
sign to sb (not) to do sth.
示意某人(不)做某事
signs of …
……的迹象
would rather 与 prefer 的区别1.宁愿做……而不做……
would rather do A than do B
prefer A to B
prefer to do A rather than do B
2. would rather 主语 + 过去式,表示“宁愿”
eg. I would rather you came tomorrow than today.
should prefer sb. to do sth./ should prefer 主语 + 过去式,表示“比较喜欢……”
eg. I should prefer you not to go there alone.
OR: I should prefer that you did not go there alone.
trap常用短语be caught in a trap落入圈套
be led into a trap中圈套
set a trap to do sth.设圈套……
be trapped in sth.被…..所围困
grow常用短语in the grow of在….成长中
grow up长大; 成长
grow rich on靠….. 变富
grow into长成……
grow out of由…..引起/滋生出
make常用短语be made up of =consist of 由……组成
make up for弥补
be made from/ of由……造成
make up编造;组成;化妆
be made into制成……
make fun of取笑; 嘲弄
make a living 谋生
supply, provide, offer 的区别:
1.表示“向某人提供某物”
supply / provide sb. with sth.
supply / provide sth. for sb.
supply sth. to sb.
offer sb. sth.
2. 表示“主动提出做某事”
offer to do sth.
3. 表示“倘使”、“假如”
provided / providing that
= on condition that
=only if
4. 表示“满足需要”supply / meet a need.
supply的常用短语in short supply 缺乏,不足
medical/military supply医疗/军用品
supplies of…许多
lack的常用短语be lacking in sth. 在……不足
make up for the lack of
弥补……的不足
for/by/from/through lack of…
由于…不足,缺乏
have no lack of不缺
damage的常用短语do damage/harm to 对……有害
cause damage to 对……造成损害
ask for damage要求赔偿
die of 与die from 的区别
die of 表示“死于……病”或冻死、气死,或死于过度悲伤。
die of cancer/grief/hunger/anger/cold
die from表示死于外伤、事故、劳累过度。如:
die from polluted air/overwork/sword thrust
die常用短语die for one’s country为国捐躯
die down熄灭、平息
die off绝种、枯死
die away消逝、静下来
die a heroic death英勇牺牲
threaten常用短语threaten sb. with sth.用……威胁某人
threaten to do…威胁做……
under the threat of…在……的威胁下
speed常用短语speed up加速
at the speed of…以…..的速度
with great speed迅速
aim常用短语take aim at瞄准
reach an aim达到目的
aim at瞄准、针对
permit与allow 的区别
表“允许做某事”或“允许某人做某事”用法基本相同。
permit/allow doing sth.
permit/allow sb. to do sth.
permit /allow of sth
一般在独立主格结构中表示“时间、条件等许可”,多用permit
Time/Weather permitting, I’ll drop in on her.
allow 还可以表示“承认”、“考虑到”。例如:
1. We allow him to be wronged.
2. will take an hour to go there, allowing for traffic delays.
means常用短语by means of通过….., 靠……
by this means/ in this way用这种方法
by no means/in no case决不
by all means用一切办法
keep常用短语keep up with紧跟…..
keep sb. doing sth.让某人一直做
keep sb. from doing sth.阻止…..做……
keep off the grass勿踏草地
keep to the point紧扣主题
keep in touch with与……保持联系
mark常用短语make one’s mark成功、出名
be marked with标明
gain/get full marks for ……得满分
seat常用短语take one’s seat坐下
have a seat请坐
see/find sb. seated看见/发现某人坐在….
be seated就座, 坐着
seat oneself in/at/on使自己坐在……
部分 动词+ to + doing 的用法
look forward to
get down to
object to
devote… to…
pay attention to
prefer…to…
give常用短语give up放弃
give in让步\屈服
give off 散发出
give away赠送、泄漏
give rise to 引起……
give out 疲劳、用完、散发出
fit常用短语be fit for适合
keep fit/keep healthy保持健康
be fit to do 适合于…..
fit in with适应……
a nice fit合身的衣服
…fit sb.某人穿….. 合身
reach 常用短语reach an agreement达成协议
reach for…伸手去拿/够……
within / out of reach够得到/够不着
reach sb’s understanding 使某人明白
feed常用短语feed sth. to sb/feed sb. on sth. 用……喂养……
be fed up of…/ be tired of…/ be bored with…
对……感到厌倦
feed on以……为食
mercy常用短语without mercy残忍地
have mercy on /upon 对……表示怜悯
at the mercy of任凭摆布
beg for mercy 乞求饶恕
exist常用短语exist in/lie in/consist in存在于……
in existence 现存的
come into existence/ come into being 形成
opinion常用短语in one’s opinion =in the opinion of sb.在某人看来
have a high/ low opinion of
对……评价高/低
give one’s opinion on
对……谈自己的看法
persuade常用短语persuade sb. to do =
persuade sb. into doing
说服某人做某事
try to persuade sb. to do
试图说服某人做某事
persuade sb. to sth.
说服某人同意某事
engage 常用短语be engaged to sb.
与某人订婚
be engaged in sth. =
be engaged doing sth.
忙于……, 从事某事
wide 与broad 的区别
它们均可以表“宽”和“广阔的”
a river 50 feet wide/ broad
指身体部位“宽肩、宽背”一般用broad, 表示
“睁大眼睛、张大嘴巴”一般用wide。
broad shoulders/ back
with wide eyes
open one’s mouth wide
wide 还可以作副词,表示“完全、大大地”
be wide awake
be wide open
sure常用短语be sure of/about
对……由把握
be sure to do sth.
肯定会……
make sure + that-clause
务必……,一定要……
make sure of…
弄清楚……
experience 常用短语have experience in…
在……有经验
be experienced in…
在……有经验
pain 常用短语take great pains to do
努力做某事
spare no pains to do
全力以赴做某事
stick 常用短语stick to sth.
坚持……
stick …on…
粘贴……
be stuck in …
陷进……
stick no bills
请勿张贴
spare 常用短语spare money/time for
省出钱…,腾出时间
in one’s spare time
在某人业余时间
spare no efforts to do
不遗余力去做
don’t spare the opinions
不要保留意见
put down的不同含义put down (one’s knife and fork) 放下……
pit down the rebellion
镇压
put down what sb. says
记下,写下
take up 的不同含义take up a hobby
培养……
take up football
开始……
take up the work
继续……
take up…time/space
消耗,占据……
take up a post
就职
take up a song/ cry
跟着一起……
habit 常用短语form/get the habit of
养成……习惯
be in/have the habit of
有…….习惯
get into the habit of
沾染了……恶习
get rid of the habit=
grow out of the habit=
break away from the habit
改掉了……习惯
够用吗?
2017年常考高考英语动词短语:too
50个最新高考英语必备的高频词组
1.abide by(=be faithful to ; obey)忠于;遵守。
2. be absent from…. 缺席,不在
3. absence or mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉
4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态):be absorbed in 全神贯注于…近:be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on
5. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有
6. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解
7. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地,
8. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地 ,主动地
9. in accord with 与…一致 . out of one’s accord with 同….不一致
10. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地
11. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据
12. on one’s own account 1) 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益 2)(=at one’s own risk) 自行负责 3)(=by oneself)依靠自己 on account 赊账; on account of 因为; on no account不论什么原因也不;of …account 有…..重要性.
13. take…into account(=consider)把...考虑进去
14. give sb. an account of 说明, 解释 (理由)
15. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释, 说明.
16. on account of (=because of) 由于,因为.
17. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装)
18. accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控,控告
19. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于.
20. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially) 熟悉
21. act on 奉行,按照…行动; act as 扮演; act for 代理
22. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于
23. adapt…(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改编, 改写(以适应新的需要)
24. in addition (=besides) 此外, 又, 加之
25. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外
高考常用动词短语搭配
1.动词+about
speak/talk about谈论
think about思考
care about关心,对...有兴趣
bring about引起,使发生
set about 着手,开始
come about发生
hear about听说
worry about为...担心
2.动词+away
throw away 扔掉
blow away吹走
carry away拿走,使入迷
clear away清除掉,消散
die away逐渐消失
pass away 去世
wash away冲走
take away拿走
put away收拾起来,存起来
give away背弃,泄露
wear away磨掉,消耗
break away摆脱
send away让走开
turn away把...打发走
3.动词+back
keep back隐瞒,忍住
hold back控制住
call back回电话
look back回顾
give back归还
take back拿回,收回
4.动词+for
run for竞选
ask for要求得到
wait for等候
long for渴望
care for关心,喜欢
search for查找
call for要求,需要
change for用...换
apply for申请
seek for寻找
stand for代表,表示
hope/wish for希望得到
beg for乞求
look for寻找
hunt for寻找
charge for收费,要价
take for误以为...是
come for来拿,来取
5.动词+down
burn down 烧毁
take down记下,记录
cut down削减,砍倒
pass down 传下来
calm down平静下来
settle down 安家
tear down 拆毁,拆除
break down坏了,垮了,分解
turn down调小,拒绝
slow down慢下来
put down记下,写下,镇压
bring down使...降低,使倒下
come down下落,传下
6.动词+at
come at 向...袭击
run at冲向,向...攻击
tear at用力撕
stare at凝视
glance at匆匆一瞥
knock at敲门,窗等
smile at冲某人笑
aim at向...瞄准
wonder at惊讶
shout at冲某人嚷嚷
work at干...活动研究
look at看,注视
glare at怒视
laugh at嘲笑
point at指向
strike at向...打击
shoot at向...射击
call at拜访地点
7.动词+from
differ from与...不同
suffer from受...苦
hear from收到...来信
die from因...而死
keep/stop/prevent from不让...做
learn from向...学习
date from始于...时候
result from由于
separate from把...分离开
8.动词+of
think of想到
consist of由...组成
approve of赞成
talk of谈到
complain of抱怨
dream of梦到
speak of 读到
die of死于
hear of听说
become of发生...情况,怎么啦
9.动词+off
start off出发
set off出发
leave off''中断
show off炫耀
get off下车
see off送行
put off延期,推迟
cut off切断,断绝
keep off避开,勿走近
knock off把...撞落
pay off还清
get off脱下衣服等
trun/switch off关掉
take off脱下,起飞
ring off挂断电话
come off脱掉,褪色
fall off跌落,掉下
go off走开,消失,坏了
break off打断
carry off携走,带走
give off散发出
10.动词+on
depend on依靠
insist on坚持
keep/go on继续
put on穿上,戴上,上演
move on 继续移动,往前走
feed on以...为生
take on 雇佣,呈现
have on穿着
look on 旁观
rely on依靠
carry on继续,进行
spend on在...花钱
call on拜访
live on以...为生
bring on使...发展
try on试穿
pass on传授,传递
turn/switch on打开
11.动词+out
break out爆发
point out指出
pick out选出
burst out迸发
carry out 执行
hold out坚持下去
figure out 算出
bring out 阐明,使表现出
help out救助
set out出发,着手
wear out穿破,使...疲劳
make out 理解,看清楚
cross out划掉
keep out of使不进入,挡住
find out查出,弄明白
try out 试用,试验
put out 扑灭
hand out 散发
2 高考常用动词短语搭配
run out用完
let out泄露,发出声音
turn out 结果是,生产
come out出版,出来
leave out省略,删掉
work out算出,想出办法等
give out散发,分发,用完
look out当心,堤防
speak out大胆讲出
send out发出,派遣
go out 熄灭 12.动词+in
give in让步
bring in引进,使得到收入
result in导致
join in参加
get in收获,进入
fill in填写
cut in插入
look in来访,参观
hand in上交
drop in拜访
succeed in在...获得成功
take in接纳,吸收
break in强制进入,插话
call in召集,来访
persist in坚持
13.动词+into
look into研究,调查
burst into闯入,迸发
change into把...变成
run into碰到
turn into变成
divide into把...分成
put/translate into把...译成
14.动词+over
turn over翻倒,细想
go over审阅,检查,研究
get over克服
take over接管,接替
fall over跌倒,摔倒
think over仔细考虑
look over翻阅,检查
run over压死,看一遍
watch over看守,照看
roll over翻滚
15.动词+to
belong to属于
refer to谈到,涉及,参阅
turn to向...求助,查阅
see to处理,料理
reply to答复
object to反对
point to指向
stick/hold/keep to坚持,忠于
come to 共计,苏醒
get to到达
bring to使苏醒
agree to同意
supply to为...提供
add to增添
devote to贡献给
compare to与...相比,把...比作
write to写信给
lead to导致,通向
attend to处理
16.动词+up
grow up 成长,长大
build up建立
put up 搭起,架起,安装,住宿,张贴,盖起
do up整理,包装,打扮
get up起床,站起
bring up抚养,呕吐,提出
stay up挺住,熬夜
sit up熬夜
use up用完
lay up积蓄
cut up切碎
end up总结
speed up加快速度
clear up整理,收拾,放晴
burn up烧毁
hurry up赶快
keep up保持
send up发射
open up开创,开辟
break up分解
give up放弃,献出
set up架起,建立
go up增长,上涨
pick up拾起,学会,用车,来接,收听到
turn up开大,出席,出现
take up开始学,从事,占据
eat up吃完
tear up撕碎
make up构成,组成
join up联结起来,参军
come up上来,长出,出现
throw up呕吐
look up查找,找出
catch up赶上
fix up修理,安排,装置
hold up耽搁,使停顿
ring up打电话
divide up分配
17.动词+through
get through通过,干完,接通电话
go through审阅,检查,学习
see through识破
pull through渡过危机,康复
look through 翻阅,看一遍,仔细查看
put through接通电话
check through核对
18.动词+with
deal with处理,对付
meet with遇到,遭受
agree with同意,与...一致
combine with与...相联合
do with处理,需要
talk with同...交流
compare with与...相比
equip with以...装备
cover with用...覆盖
end with以...结束
provide with 以...供给
begin with以...开始
supply with以...供给
play with 玩,玩弄
19.三词以上的短语动词
add up to总计
keep away fro避开,别靠近m
look down on 轻视
put up with忍受
keep up with 赶上
make up for弥补
get on/along with和...相处
get close to接近
get out of逃避,避免
set fire to放火烧
take notice of注意
do well in在...干得好
take a photo of拍...照片
make fun of开玩笑,取笑
get used to习惯于
keep in touch with保持联系
come into being出现
take pride in为...而自豪
take an interest in对...感兴趣
make a fool of愚弄
take charge of负责
make friends with同...交朋友
take part in参加
catch sight of看见
break away from摆脱
do away with废除
look up to仰望,尊敬
catch up with 赶上
run out of用完
go on with继续
look forward to盼望
take hold of握住
get down to认真开始
pay attention to注意
set an example to为...树立榜样
pay a visit to访问
take the place of取代
make use of利用
get into the habit of染上...的习惯
get rid of摆脱
keep an eye on堤防
take care of照看
help oneself to随便吃,用
make room for给...让地方
take advantage of利用
take pity on可怜
play a part in 起作用,扮演...的角色
lose sight of看不见
(1) too...to do sth.
例:Politics is too important to be left to the politicians.
(=Politics is so important that it can't be left to the politicians.)
政治太重要了,不能由政治家来决定。
(2) only too --- to do sth
例:I shall be only too pleased to get home. 我要回到家里就非常高兴。
(3) too + adj + for sth
例:These shoes are much too small for me. 我穿这双鞋太小了。
(4) too + adj + a + n.
例:This is too difficult a text for me. 这篇课文对我来说太难了。
(5) can't … too +形容词 无论……也不为过
例:We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。