高考英语熟词僻义题型,高考英语熟词僻义

专四考试语法词汇三大命题新趋势

　想要更好掌握专业英语四级考试的语法词汇题，那么在平时，我们就要多多注意这些题型的命题趋势了，下面我就来和大家详细说明一下吧!

　 一、偏爱考熟词僻义

　近年来语法词汇部分常考一些考生熟悉的单词，但是所考的意思不一定为考生所熟悉，这其实加大了题目难度。这就要求在备考时要对大纲内的重点单词要全面掌握，不能满足于知道其最常用的意思。题目例析(年份/题号)：

　09/72. It was strange that she would _____ such an absurd idea.

　A. allow B. stick

　C. take D. entertain

　解析：本题选D。entertain 的常见意思是?热情款待; 使有兴趣?，在本题中这个词的意思是?怀有，心存?，其宾语一般是idea, hope, doubt. suspicion等，例如：

　He entertained hopes of a reconciliation.

　他曾对和解抱有希望。

　He secretly entertained thoughts of revenge.

　他暗中怀有报复的想法。

　11/75. The city government is building more roads to ___ the increasing number of cars.

　A. accommodate B. receive

　C. accept D. hold

　解析：本题选A。accommodate 是一个及物动词，最常见的意思是?向 --- 提供住宿?，但在本题中却考察它的另一个意思：为--- 提供足够的空间 (to provide enough space for sb or sth)，例如：

　The new facility will easily accommodate 50 workstations.

　新的场所能轻松摆下五十个工作台。

　值得指出的是，这个及物动词还以一个意思：为--- 提供足够的座位或房间(to supply enough seats or room for people or things) ，这是意思相当于hold，例如：

　Our ships accommodate up to 150.

　我们的船只可乘坐多达150位乘客。

　The hotel can accommodate 600 guests.

　这家酒店可容纳六百位客人。

　那么，本题为什么不能选hold呢?关键是hold作?容得下;能盛 (to have enough space for sb / sth)?这种意思，主语一般是某个建筑物或容器，例如：

　The stadium holds 8,000 people.

　这个体育场能容纳八千人。

　The movie theater holds 500 people.

　这家**院能容纳500人。

　The plane holds about 300 passengers.

　这架飞机可容纳大约300名乘客。

　The pan holds three gallons of water.

　这口锅能盛三加仑水。

　作?容纳?的意思时，hold的宾语如果是人，可以换成accommodate(如上面的前四句);若宾语不是人时则不可以(如最后一句)。

　10/51. Which of the following italicized phrases indicates CAUSE?

　A. Why don't you do it for the sake of your friends?

　B. I wish I could write as well as you.

　C. For all his efforts, he didn't get an A.

　D. Her eyes were red from excessive reading.

　解析：本题选D。介词from至少有二十种意思，本题考察的.是它的一个不太常用的意思：由于，因为(because of or as a result of)，例如：

　Her hair was still damp from her walk in the rain.

　因为在雨中行走，所以她的头发仍是湿的。

　They are exhausted from all the sleepless nights.

　他们由于这些不眠之夜而精疲力竭。

　She felt sick from tiredness.

　她累得浑身不对劲。

二、偏爱考熟词构成的短语

　英语的特点之一是短语众多，这些短语是中国学生学习中的一个难点。近几年的专四试题表明，由常见词构成的短语越来越成为考察的重点，这样就增大了词汇题的难度，例如：

　08/66. When he first started in university, he really felt at _____ with his major --- economics.

　A. shore B. bank

　C. ocean D. sea

　解析：本题选D。be / feel (all) at sea 困惑，茫然，不知所措，例如：

　I?m all at sea with these new regulations.

　我全然不懂这些规章。

　08/68. Sally was a bit shy, but the teacher found her quite ____ discussing a recent film with others.

　A. at home B. at most

　C. at house D. at bean

　解析：本题选C。at home 除了?在家里，在国内?还可以表示?无拘无束，舒适自在(comfortable and relaxed)?，例如：

　Simon feels at home on a horse.

　西蒙骑马得心应手。

　08/69. The company has capitalized _____ the error of judgment made by its business competitor.

　A. in B. over C. with D. on

　解析：本题选D。capitalize on 利用 (If you capitalize on a situation, you use it to gain some advantage for yourself. ) ，意思相当于take advantage of，例如：

　The rebels seem to be trying to capitalize on the public's discontent with the government.

　叛乱分子似乎想要利用公众对政府的不满情绪。

　09/75. Representatives from the companies indicated that they should go on working together in _____.

　A. unity B. entity

　C. partners D. partnership

　解析：本题选D。in partnership (with sb) (与某人)合作，例如：

　He developed the program in partnership with an American expert.

　他和一个美国专家合作开发出这个程序。

　09/77. The drink was packaged in champagne bottles and was being _____ as the real stuff.

　A. passed out B. passed by

　C. passed over D. passed off

　解释：本题选D。pass --- off as 用---冒充 ---，例如：

　He passed himself off as a senior psychologist.

　他冒充成资深心理学家。

　pass out 昏过去(= faint )

　pass by 经过

　pass over 不计较

　They chose to pass over her rude remarks.

　他们决定不计较她的粗鲁言语。

　要词原则

　无论是中口还是高口翻译篇章中，都有一些貌似十分简单的词，但这些词往往是这篇文章的杀手锏，难度往往高于那些成语、俗语和专业词。比如在第一个例子中的collectively，一般的译者马上会理解为?总而言之概括起来?的意思，只有当读完整句的时候，才明白是把亚洲国家整体经济规模?累加?起来，其中进行了转性译法，把副词转换为形容词或名词。这种词在每次考试中至少会有一个，可以被认为是拉开差距的地方。考生如能发现其中的?弦外之音?，将会极大的鼓舞自己的士气。

　Collectively, the Asian Countries will have a larger economy than the rest of the world put together.

　亚洲国家的经济总量将超过其他国家地区的总和。

　From a small beginning at the turn of the century

　本世纪初，基金会的数量并不多。

　Inside these nations there will be mass prosperity, but with a large minority in serious poverty, and a small number who are very rich.

　这些国家虽然呈现出欣欣向荣的态势，但其中还有许多处于极端贫穷的弱势人口，还有少部分人口极端富有。

　l The major feature of project money, whether its source is government or business, is that it is given on a contractual basis, a different contract for each project, so that the investigator?s independence rests upon his capacity to secure a succession of contracts.

　无论来自于政府或商界，项目资金的重要特点是其建立在契约上，即不同的项目可以争取相同的项目资金，因此调研人员要取得独立，就必须得到连续的研究项目。

　The resulting patchwork of laws, people on all sides of the issue say, complicates a nationwide picture already clouded by scientific and ethnical questions over whether and how to restrict cloning or to ban it altogether.

　在克隆问题上各方人士认为，关于是否限制克隆、如何限制克隆或索性禁止克隆的科学及伦理问题，已经使全国性立法变得扑朔迷离。而如今各种东拼西凑的法律，只会使全国性立法形成步履维艰。

　A law that goes into effect on Jan.1 allows computer users in the state to refuse unwanted solicitations en masse and sue spammers who violate their wishers for as much as $1 million.

　1月1日，加州通过一条法律，使得计算机用户有权拒收垃圾邮件，并对邮件发送者提出诉讼，要求最高达一百万美元的赔偿。

三、语法题难度稍降

　近几年的语法试题难度大幅度降低，基本上不再有偏题、怪题。下面列举出近几年所考过最难的几道语法题：

　08/52. Had Judy been more careful on the math exam, she ____ much better results now.

　A. would be getting　B. could have got

　C. must get　　　D. would get

　解析：本题选A。本题考察的是虚拟语气中的一个难点：错综时间虚拟语气。这种虚拟语气一般是从句表示的是与过去事实相反的假设(用过去完成时)，而主句表示的是与现在事实相反的假设(谓语用 would / should be或would / should be doing)，例如：

　If you had studied hard last year, you would be a college student now.

　你要是去年学习努力的话，你现在就是大学生了。

　If I had worked harder at school I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.

　我如果上学的时候更用功一些的话，现在我就坐在一个舒适地办公室里了。

　那么本题为什么不能选D呢?一般而言，如果主句中的动词是表示一个动作，则用would / should + be doing;如果主句中的动词是表示状态的be，则用would be，例如：

　Amy would be alive today if the doctor had come sooner last night.

　要是大夫昨晚来地早一点，爱梅今天还活着。

　If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.

　如果过去天气好一些，现在庄稼还会长得更好。

　If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now.

　如果他多得六票，他现在就是我们的主席了。

　If we hadn?t got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.

　如果到现在一切还没准备好，明天情况就糟了。

　08/53. Nine is to three _____ three is to one.

　A. whenB. that

　C. whichD. what

　A is to B what C is to D

　解析：本题选D 。本题考的是一个明喻的句型：A is to B what C is to D，意思是A对于B就好像C对于D，例如：

　Air is to us what water is to fish.

　空气之于我们犹如水之于鱼。

　A nest is to a bird what a house is to a man.

　巢对于鸟就好像房子对于人。

　What sculpture is to a block of marble, education is to the soul.

　教育之与心灵，就像雕刻之与大理石。

　08/55. ____ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay

　behind to finish his assignment.

　A. Much though B. Much as

　C. As much D. Though much

　解析：本题选B。本题考察倒装形式的让步状语从句，其结构是adj / adv / n / vi + as + 主语 + 谓语，意思是?尽管 ---，虽然 ---?，相当于though 或者although引导的让步状语从句，例如：

　Young as he is, he is able.他虽然年轻，却很能干。

　Strange as it may sound, it is true. 尽管听起来奇怪，但千真万确。

　Child as he is, he does a lot to support the family.

　尽管他是个孩子，却已经帮着持家。(名词不带冠词)

　Much as l like you I couldn?t live with you.

　我尽管很喜欢你，却不能和你一起生活。

　Try as he would, he couldn?t open the door.

　他试过多次，却仍打不开门。

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