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2017高考英语必背范文10篇文库_2017高考英语大纲词汇

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简介一、 关系代词和关系副词的区别1、关系代词(that, who, whom, whose, which)所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。例1. Is he the man who/that wants to see you?(who / that在从句中作主语,指人)例2. He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.(

    一、 关系代词和关系副词的区别

    2017高考英语必背范文10篇文库_2017高考英语大纲词汇

    1、关系代词(that, who, whom, whose, which)所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。

    例1. Is he the man who/that wants to see you?(who / that在从句中作主语,指人)

    例2. He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.(whom / that在从句中作宾语,指人)

    例3. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.(whose在句中作定语,指人)

    例4. Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.(whose在句中作定语,指物。若指物,它还可以同of which互换)

    例5. The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作carry的宾语,指物)

    2、关系副词(when, where, why, that)可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。

    例6. Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.

    例7. Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?

    例8. His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.

    例9. He can’t find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.

    二、 判断用关系代词和关系副词

    方法1: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。请改错:

    1. This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

    2. I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

    习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。句1和句2的where, when都应改为which.。

    方法2: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),根据第一点(区别),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

    例10.This museum is ___ you visited a few days age?

    A. where B. that  C. on which  D. the one

    例11. This is the museum ____ the exhibition was held.

    A. where  B. that  C. on which  D. the one (答案:例1 D,例2 A)

    在例10中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。

    而例11中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A。

    关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语)。

    方法3:当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing,the one, much, few, any, little等,或先行词是形容词级时,或在there be 句型中,或当先行行词既有人又有物时,关系代词用that, 而不用which。

    例12. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.

    例13. The soldiers and their guns that we sent to the front were lost.

    方法4:在引导非限定性定语从句时,和在介词后不能用that,应用which。

    例14.(错) The tree, that (改为which)is four hundred years old, is very famous here.

    例15.We depend on the land from which we get our food.

    导语:2016年的高考英语考试已经结束,新一轮的高考复习又将开始。面临2017年高考,考生应该如何复习高考英语这个考试科目呢?CNFLA儿童网小编汇总整理《高考英语写作中的复杂结构和高级词汇》,供2017年高考考生参考。

    在高考书面表达最高档第五档中有“应用了较多的较复杂语法结构或高级词汇”,“语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误,但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致;具备了较强的语言运用能力”等语句,在“评分原则”第四条中有“评分时应注意的主要内容有:内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性、上下文的连贯性及语言的得体性”等。从这些我们可以看出,一篇好的书面表达不仅仅要求“要点齐全、上下文连贯和语言得体”,还对“应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性”方面提出了具体明确的要求,这与以前的书面表达评分标准有所不同。它不仅要求考生能够根据提示和要求表达出要点,而且还要求考生在写作中有所创新,能“创造性地”表达有关要点。为帮助同学们理解和写好书面表达,下面我们从以下几个方面谈谈对“高级词汇和复杂结构”的理解,以及写作中的注意事项。

    复杂结构和高级词汇的基本特点

    所谓复杂结构和高级词汇,不是无中生有,不是“过分炫耀”和无根据地任意发挥,主要是指:

    1.

    异。即表达上与众不同,也就是说不要“人云亦云”,而是独辟蹊径,寻找与人不同的表达方式,可以是《大纲》上有的,也可以是《大纲》上没有但已学过的有把握的词汇、句型等。请看下面这个片段:

    How nice to hear from you again. You want to know what is going on in

    schools in China…but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless

    homework and attending classes as well…

    文中的“You want to know…in China”既简洁又点题,同时引出下文,这与多数同学使用的肯定句式“I’ll tell you

    …”不同;“过去周末常在家做功课”这一要点许多同学直接表达为I used to do my homework at

    weekends,而上面这个片段使用了非谓语结构、并列结构等,不仅表达了要点意思,而且符合“使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇”的要求;同时,还使用了endless一词,体现了对减负前过重负担的厌恶。另外,“上课”多数同学使用的是have

    classes,若使用attend classes就与众不同了。(from www.nmet168.com)

    2. 新。即表达上大胆使用新的表达方式,如使用构词法变来的新词或使用在课外阅读中所学到的适合所写文章语境的表达方式。如:

    In short, things have began to improve since schools were called to reduce

    learning load…but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework

    and attending classes as well…As far as I know, everyone is happy about this new

    arrangement of things…

    本片段使用了所学单词end的派生词endless,

    arrange的名词arrangement(教材上有,但是《大纲》无);还使用了《大纲》上没有的in short, as far as I know,

    what’s more等关联词语,增强了句与句之间的联系,使文章浑然一体。

    1)Now we have more time to read some books and visit museums.

    2)And we also have more time to read newspapers and watch news on TV.

    一般来说,写作中应避免使用类似长度的相同句型。以上两个句子的长度差不多,句型相同,应该注意改进。如若改为下面方式表达,就会增添文章色彩,体现你深厚的写作功底:

    Now I have more free time. I can follow my interests such as reading,

    visiting museums, and taking computer lessons. In the evening, I can watch news

    on TV or read

    newspapers.这种表达就很有特色,避免了表达的单调和乏味,特别是长、短句的搭配使用更具特色,其中一个句子有15个词。长短句合理使用就使文章显得生动流畅,节奏感也强了。

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